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Reforms in the British Empire

Reforms in the British Empire. Chapter 23 Section 1. Key Terms. Queen Victoria Victoria Era Benjamin Disraeli Suffrage Emmeline Parkhurst. Reform Act of 1832. Growing prosperity of the working and middles classes led to demand for goods 1800 landowning aristocrats made up Parliament

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Reforms in the British Empire

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  1. Reforms in the British Empire Chapter 23 Section 1

  2. Key Terms • Queen Victoria • Victoria Era • Benjamin Disraeli • Suffrage • Emmeline Parkhurst

  3. Reform Act of 1832 • Growing prosperity of the working and middles classes led to demand for goods • 1800 landowning aristocrats made up Parliament • Some industrial cities had no representation

  4. Reform Act of 1832 • Britain wealthy male property owners could vote • Catholics and Jews could hold political office • House of commons not paid so only wealthy served

  5. Reform Act of 1832 • British liberals were challenging the old order • People demanded greater political participation • Reform Act of 1832 gave representation in Parliament

  6. Reform Act of 1832 • Gave the vote to the middle class • Increased eligible voters by 50% • Reduced power of the aristocracy • Only men with a certain amount of property could vote • Prevented many working class from voting

  7. Sadler and the Factory Act • Investigate treatment of children in factories • Harmful conditions • Mistreatment • Long hours • Low wages • Passed the Factory Act of 1833 • Teenagers could not work more than 12 hours • Children 9-13 had to receive two hours of school

  8. Other Reforms • 1833 parliament abolished slavery • Government would compensate slave owners • Passed public health and crime laws to improve living conditions

  9. Chartism • 1839 Chartists demanded • voting rights for all men • Secret ballot • Annual elections • Pay representatives in parliament • Secret ballot prevented intimidation during voting

  10. Chartism • Parliament rejected their ideas • Turned down the People’s Charter • By the end of the 1800’s many of their reforms had been passed

  11. Victorian Era • 1837 Queen Victoria • Reign lasted to 1901 longest in British history • Became more democratic during her reign

  12. Disraeli and Gladstone • Benjamin Disraeli- Prime Minister, member of conservative party • Slow to accept reforms • Wanted to preserve the past • Gladstone was a liberal • More progressive to solving society’s problems

  13. Voting Rights for Men • Disraeli put forth a new reform bill • 1867 one out of every three men could vote • Another bill created the secret ballot • 1885 Gladstone pushed a reform bill that extended voting rights even further

  14. Women’s Suffrage • Suffrage- the right to vote • Women’s rights were raised during the Enlightenment • 1800’s women not equals • Could not own property • Not considered legal guardians of their children

  15. Women’s Suffrage • Queen Victoria against women’s right to vote • “Mad, wicked folly.” • 1886 Disraeli argued for women’s right to vote • Said if a women could be queen or own land they should be able to vote

  16. Women’s Suffrage • Millicent Garrett Fawcett • -lobbied members of Parliament • Signed petitions • Educated the public • Emmeline Pankhurst • Founded Women’s Social and Political Union • “You have to make more noise than everyone else”

  17. Women’s Suffrage • 1918 Parliament grants the right to vote • Women over the age of 30 • 1928 women have the same voting rights as men

  18. Ireland • 1801 Ireland has been part of the United Kingdom • Act of Union joined England, Scotland, and Wales • Some Irish hated British rule • British landlords owned much of Ireland’s land

  19. Ireland • Had power to evict Irish farmers • Several times in the 1800’s the potato crop failed • Left many with no food or income • 1 million starved • 1.5 left for the U.S.

  20. Ireland • Ireland continued to export food during the famine • Left Irish ports for England • British officials encouraged the trade • Did not want to harm British economy

  21. Ireland • Famine made people more resentful • 1860’s Irish began to fight for change • Violent protests • Ireland wanted to govern itself • Ireland received limited self government in 1920

  22. Canada • Colony controlled by Britain • Some spoke French • 1837 rebellions in Canada • 1838 Lord Durham wanted to unite Canada • Form “a great and powerful people“

  23. Canada • 1867 united several Canadian colonies • Power to govern themselves • Canada becomes a dominion • Canada developed its own identity but remained close to Britain

  24. Australia and New Zealand • Canada became model of self government • 1700’s Australia used for prisoners • 1800’s discovery of copper and gold brought settlers • 1901 Britain granted self rule

  25. Australia and New Zealand • Britain made a deal of land for self rule • Maori people • New Zealand became a dominion • 1893- New Zealand was the first country to give women the right to vote

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