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首峰中学英语课件

首峰中学英语课件. 作者:雷海红. 名词. 专有名词 (Proper Nouns). 不可数名词 (Uncountable Nouns). 抽象名词 (Abstract Nouns). 物质名词 (Material Nouns ). 普通名词 (Common Nouns). 集体名词 (Collective Nouns). 可数名词 (Countable Nouns). 个体名词 (Individual Nouns). Proper Nouns: 指人名、地名及某些人和事物专有的名称.

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首峰中学英语课件

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  1. 首峰中学英语课件 作者:雷海红

  2. 名词 专有名词(Proper Nouns) 不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns) 抽象名词(Abstract Nouns) 物质名词(Material Nouns) 普通名词 (Common Nouns) 集体名词(Collective Nouns) 可数名词(Countable Nouns) 个体名词(Individual Nouns)

  3. Proper Nouns: 指人名、地名及某些人和事物专有的名称 Eg:Diana; Beijing; Americans;English; May; New Year’s Day 注意:专有名词的第一个字母要大写

  4. Common Nouns: 专有名词以外的名词都是普通名词 1。Individual Nouns:指作为个体而存在的人或东西。 可以指具体的人或物。Eg: aunts; a panda; apartments 也可指抽象东西。Eg: a year; fairy tales; a dream

  5. 2. Collective Nouns:表示由个体组成的集体。 Eg: army; audience; crew; family; team; police; government; public 集体名词有时作单数看待,有时作复数看。一般来说,视为整体时作单数看,突出它的成员时作复数看。 Eg: His family isn’t large. Cf: His family are all music lovers. 在不少情况下,集体名词后单复数动词都可以用,没什么差别。 Eg: The audience was (were) excited by the show.

  6. 有少数集体名词通常用作单数。 Eg: The gang is being hunted by the police. Our company is sending him to work in Berlin. 个别集体名词则多作复数看待。 Eg: The police are looking for him.

  7. 3.Material Nouns: 指无法分为个体的东西。 Eg: beer; cake; cloth; cotton; detergent; fur; ice; paint; paper; soil 一般来说,物质名词是不可数的,因而没有复数形式。但有一些特殊情况: 1)有些物质名词可用作可数名词,表示“一份”、“一杯”、“一种” Eg: Two strong black coffees, please.( 两份) Three beers, please.(三杯) It was a special tea.(一种) 2)个别物质名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。 Eg: rains (雨季)snows (积雪)waters(海域)… (see note paper)

  8. 4.Abstract Nouns: 表示一些抽象的概念。 Eg: education; love; policy; trust; nature; fashion; relief; silence; truth,etc. 多数情况下,这种名词常用于单数形式,不加任何冠词。 Eg: He’s learning French for fun. I wish you good luck. 有时也可以加冠词。 He works hard for the welfare of the poor. After a brief peace, war broke out again.

  9. 有些名词可以兼作可数名词和不可数名词。 a glass ( 玻璃杯 ) a copper ( 铜币/板 ) a tin ( 罐头,听头 ) a paper ( 报纸,证件,论文 ) an iron (熨斗 ) a wood ( 树林 ) a gold (金牌 ) a youth (年青人 ) a power ( 大国 ) a beauty ( 美人,美的东西 ) a pleasure( 使人感到愉快的事 ) a relation(亲戚) glass ( 玻璃 ) copper ( 铜 ) tin ( 锡 ) paper ( 纸 ) iron (铁 ) wood ( 木头 ) gold (金子 ) youth (青春 ) power ( 力量 ) beauty ( 美 ) pleasure( 愉快 ) relation(关系)

  10. 英语中有许多对词,一个可数,一个不可数。 a poem(一首诗 ) a machine(一台机器 ) a job(一件工作 ) a laugh(一个笑声 ) a permit(许可证 ) a garment (一件衣裳 ) a bag(case) (一件行李 ) a loaf (一只面包 ) a hair(一根头发 ) poetry(诗歌总称 ) machinery(机器总称 ) work(工作 ) laughter(笑声 ) permission(允许 ) clothing(衣裳总称 ) luggage, baggage(行李 ) bread(面包 ) hair( 头发)

  11. 名词复数 情况 加法 例词 一般情况 Brothers;schools 加-s 以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词 加-es Buses;watches;dishes*1 以辅音+y结尾的词 去y加-ies Ladies;countries;*2 Heroes; tomatoes*3 以辅音+o 结尾的词 多数加-es 以f或fe结尾的词 把f/fe改成ves Halves; leaves;*4

  12. Notes: *1:stomach stomachs *2:以元音+y或以专有名词+y结尾的名词,直接在词尾加-s. Eg:boys; toys; Germanys; Henrys *3: 以元音+oeg: videos; studios 以oo结尾eg: zoos; bamboos;kangaroos 一些外来词(特别是音乐方面的词)eg:pianos 一些缩写词eg: kilos; photos; memos 一些专有名词eg: Eskimos; Filipinos 直接在词尾加-s. *4:以f/fe结尾只加-s的词: proofs;gulfs; cliffs; roofs;serfs; beliefs;chiefs

  13. 不规则复数: 1.man men Eg: woman– women; chairman-chairmen 2.oo ee Eg:foot-feet; tooth-teeth; goose-geese 3.+en Eg:child-children; ox-oxen 4.ouse ice Eg: mouse-mice; louse-lice(虱子) 有些外来词的不规则复数形式: Eg: analysis-analyses; basis-bases; thesis-theses; crisis-crises criterion-criteria; phenomenon-phenomena; medium-media

  14. 单复数相同的情况: sheep; deer; means; fish; works; species; Chinese;Japanese 以及由汉语音译表示度量衡、货币等单位的名词。  Eg: yuan,jiao,fen, jin, mu 复合名词的复数形式: 1.词末+-s eg:film-goers ; forget-me-nots 2.主体名词变为复数形式:lookers-on; editors-in-chief;sons-in-law 3.两个组成部分皆变为复数:women doctors; men cooks* 这种形式的第一个名词必须是man或woman

  15. 名词所有格(The Possessive Case of Nouns) some patterns: • I’ll take the risk for friendship’s sake. • She was at her wit’s end. • Now they could sing at their heart’s content. • We should get the children out of harm’s way. • We had best keep them at arm’s length. • For goodness’ sake,stop arguing. • Jane got the money’s worth out of the coat. (为了友谊) (黔驴技穷) (尽情地) (不受损害) (保持距离) (看在上帝的份上) (很合算)

  16. 主谓一致 1。语法形式上的一致(主单谓单;主复谓复) 2。意义上的一致(主语形单意复,谓语用复数。Eg:people;police) (主语形复意单,谓语用单数。Eg: news;economics) 3.就近原则:either…or; neither…nor; not only…but also 4. 单复数视情况而定。 1)集体名词作主语:强调整体,用单数;强调个体,用复数 2)单复数同形名词作主语,按意义一致原则。Eg:means,species 3)中心词是all, most, half, rest时,按意义一致原则。即主语单数意义,谓语用单数;主语复数意义,谓语用复数。

  17. 4)主语是and连接两个名词时,指一样东西,谓语单数;指两样东西,谓语复数。Eg: A knife and fork is on the table. 5)代词作主语,取决于它代替的是单数还是复数。意义一致原则。Eg: ours, yours; such, the same; who, that, which; any, either, neither,(单独作主语,谓语单数)none, all, some, more, 6)分数,量词,half of, part of 作主语,于中心词保持一致。 7)what 引导的主语从句。通常用单数;所指的具体内容为复数时,谓语用复数。 8)主谓倒装,谓语与其后主语一致。

  18. 5。 谓语用单数的情况。 1)名词所有格之后的名词被省略。(指商店,工场,住宅等)作主语。Eg: The doctor’s, my uncle’s, the baker’s 2) 中心词是时间、距离、金额、度量、书名等复数名词。Eg: three years; The selected poems of Li Bai; 3) each, every, no 所修饰名词,即使以and 或逗号连接。 Eg: each boy and each girl ; every man and woman 4) 主语有more than one…; many a 5) a kind of; a pair of; a series of…

  19. 6) This kind of… 7) The number of… 8) A great deal of…; a large amount of… +un 9) One and a half +可数名词复数 eg: One and a half bananas is left on the table. 10) The departed (死者)意义上指个体 11) the only one of +可数名词复数+定语从句。从句中的谓语用单数。

  20. 6。谓语用复数的情况。 1)police,;people;cattle; militia(民兵)作主语。 2)有两个部分构成的名词。(表示衣物或工具)eg: glasses; chopsticks… 3)these kind of men(口语); men of this kind 作主语 4) both…and…. 修饰主语 5) A number of; large quantities of; large amounts of修饰主语 6) the+ 形容词作主语,一般情况下 7) one of the+可数名词复数+定语从句,从句中谓语动词用复数。

  21. Assignment: 1. Try to learn these words by heart: (通常用于复数形式的词) scissors剪刀; pants裤子; contents目录 compasses两脚规; cords灯心絨裤; arms武器 earphones耳机; pyjamas睡衣裤; ashes灰烬 scales天平; overalls工装裤; tropics热带 spectacles眼镜; braces背带; stairs楼梯 nail-clippers指甲刀; slacks便装裤; brains头脑 belongings所有物; savings积蓄; tidings消息 doings行为; writings作品; findings调查结果 And the words in your note paper. 2. Finish Ex. Book Chapter 2. Nouns. (P7-P16)&Chapter 12(P133-P136)

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