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Soft Tissue Injuries Chapter 19

Soft Tissue Injuries Chapter 19. Whitney Creed Fall 2005. Tonight’s Agenda. Overview of Skin Types of STIs Closed injuries Open injuries Burns. Skin Anatomy and Function. Anatomy - The skin has two layers: Epidermis, Dermis (Subcutaneous Tissue)

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Soft Tissue Injuries Chapter 19

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  1. Soft Tissue Injuries Chapter 19 Whitney Creed Fall 2005

  2. Tonight’s Agenda • Overview of Skin • Types of STIs • Closed injuries • Open injuries • Burns

  3. Skin Anatomy and Function • Anatomy- The skin has two layers: Epidermis, Dermis (Subcutaneous Tissue) • Function- Protection, regulating temperature

  4. Closed Injuries • In which soft tissue damage occurs beneath the skin, but the surface remains intact.  Typically caused by blunt trauma or crushing injury Examples: contusion (bruise), hematoma

  5. Signs and Symptoms: Blunt trauma, pain on site, swelling, discoloration Treatment: • BSI • RICES (rest, ice, compression, elevation, splinting) • Provide O2 and watch for hypovolemic shock

  6. Open Injuries • There is a break in the surface of the skin exposing deeper tissue to contamination 4 Types: -Abrasions -Lacerations -Avulsions -Punctures/ Penetrations

  7. Abrasions • Wound of the superficial layer of the skin caused by friction across a hard surface blood and plasma may ooze from surface capillaries Ex: Road rash, rug burn

  8. Lacerations • Smooth or jagged cut caused by a sharp object or a blunt force that tears the tissue  Depth can vary, may sever arteries or veins

  9. Avulsions • An injury that separates layers of soft tissue so that they are either completely unattached or hanging by a flap

  10. Punctures and Penetrations • Injury resulting from a sharp pointed object Can leave relatively small entrance wounds but can damage structures deep in the body Ex: Stabbings, shootings, ice pick accidents

  11. Treatment • BSI • Stabilize ABCs – control bleeding (direct pressure, elevate, pressure dressing, pressure points, splinting, tourniquet) • Give O2 and monitor for hypovolemic shock Special Circumstances: *Impaled objects- stabilize object in place- unless in the cheek or hinders evacuation/ transport *Eviscerated organs- cover with sterile moist dressing *Chest/ Neck wounds- cover with occlusive dressing *Amputations- wrap part in moist dressing keep w/ patient

  12. Burns • Occurs when the body receives more energy than it can absorb without injury Sources: heat, chemicals, UV, electricity • Rule of Nines (pg. 514) Burn Severity?(critical, moderate, minor) pg. 511 • Depth? • Extent? • Critical areas? • Preexisting medical conditions? • Patient younger than 5 or older than 55?

  13. Superficial (1st degree):involves only the top layer of skin, skin turns red but does not blister (sunburn) • Partial-Thickness (2nd degree):involves both epidermis and parts of the dermis- skin is moist, mottled and blisters are common • Full-Thickness (3rd degree): extends through all skin layers and may involve subcutaneous tissue, muscle, bone or organs- area is dry and leathery or charred and skin feels hard to the touch

  14. Treatment of Burns • BSI • Remove the patient from the source • Immerse the area in cool, sterile water/ saline • Give O2 • Estimate the burn severity and treat burns by covering with dry, sterile dressing • Check for other injuries • Watch for shock and hypothermia • Transport

  15. Questions?

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