Chapter 24 Finish Ceilings & Floors

1. Chapter 24Finish Ceilings & Floors ‘Interior’ Ceiling @ the Venetian Hotel (Las Vegas)

2. Functions of Finish Ceilings • Visual - color, texture, pattern, shape • Control diffusion of: • light • sound • Conceal MPE • Accommodate: lights, diffusers, communication, sprinkler… • May assist with • fire resistance • distribution / return of HVAC

3. Types of Ceilings • Exposed Structural & MPE • Tightly Attached • Suspended • Interstitial

4. Exposed • Exposed Structure & MPE • Industrial, warehouse, … • Economy & ease of maintenance • Timber, trusses, etc. • Often for appearance • Flat Plate, PC plank (HC) • Painted - hotels & apartments • Minimal MPE services in ceiling • Economy and reduces story height

5. Exposed Structure Ceiling “Joint” Preparation for Sprayed on Textured Ceiling Textured Ceiling

6. Exposed Timber & MPE Services @ a Ski Lodge

7. Tightly Attached • Attached directly to joists or slabs • Special arrangements / accommodations for: • Structural members (beams, girders) • MPE systems

8. Suspended Ceilings • Suspended from the Structure • Generally by wires • Materials: drywall, plaster, fibrous (acoustic) Structure Ceiling Plenum space Support Wires for ducts, pipes, conduit ... • Support System • Metal Framing • Furring Channels • “Metal Grid • Suspended Ceiling • Drywall • Plaster • Acoustic (incombustible fibers)

9. Suspended Plaster Ceiling (note the delamination of the finish coat)

10. Acoustic “Lay-in Panels” • Exposed Metal Grid • 2x2 or 2x4 Lay-in Panels • MPE “sized” to fit grid or • cut into the acoustic tile • Economical

11. Acoustical Ceiling Grid Systems “Difficult” to access • Main Runners • Provide Main Ceiling Support • Generally 4’ o.c. • Attached to “Hangers” • Additional hangers may be • required to support MPE “loads” • Cross Tees • Intermediate Support • “Rest”/ attach to Mains • Spacing depends on tile • Wall Angle • Attaches to wall

12. “Recessed” Grid (also can be Flush, …) Ceiling mounted - lights, sprinkler, smoke detector, communication Multiple Tile Finishes Available Diffuser sized 2x2

14. Common Support Grid Profile

15. Suspended Ceiling used as a Fire Resistant Membrane Combination Light/Diffuser The Integrity of the Fire Resistant Rating Must be Maintained at the Ceiling Penetrations

16. Suspended Acoustic Ceiling with a Gypsum ‘Fire’ Ceiling Above

17. Interstitial Ceilings • Common with elaborate MPE systems • Hospitals & laboratories • Purpose: • Accommodate extensive MPE systems • Provide access for maintenance & updating services

18. Finish FlooringFunctions & Considerations • Functions: • Visual • Acoustics • Light • Wearing Surface • Considerations • Life / durability • Skid resistance • Sanitation • Noise • Fire (resistance, combustibility) • Other (conductivity,..)

19. Under-floor Services • Distribution of electrical /communications • Methods • Conduit • Cellular Raceways • Cellular Decking • Raised Flooring

20. Under-floor Electrical Services Placed in the concrete slab

21. Reducing Noise Transmission • Use of a Soft material • Padded carpet • Cushioned resilient flooring • Resilient underlayment • Selection of surrounding material • Dense ceiling material below (plaster, drywall) • Mount ceiling on resilient clips or spring hangers

22. Skid & Fire Resistance • Skid Resistance • Measure by its static coefficient of friction (SCOF) • Skid resistance – desirable to minimize slipping • Flame Resistance • Most flooring required to meet minimum criteria • Exit corridors typically have higher requirements

23. Hard Flooring Materials • Resistant to: • Wear • Moisture • Noisy -conduct sound • Types • Concrete, stone, brick, tile, terrazzo

24. Concrete Flooring • Advantages • Low initial cost • Durable • Common Uses • Parking decks • Warehouses • Industrial

25. Exposed Concrete with a pattern & tinting

26. Stone • Types • Marble • Granite • Slate • Sandstone, … • Installation • Setting Bed • Grouted joints

27. Marble

28. Granite

29. Bricks & Brick Pavers • Typically laid on face (but can be laid on edge) • Often with a setting bed Without Grouted Joints With Grouted Joints

30. Paver Patterns

31. Quarry Tile • Fired Clay tiles • Multiple shapes/sizes • Installation • Setting Bed (typical) • Thin Set • Grout Joints

32. Ceramic Tile • Fired Clay • Often Glazed Finish • Floors & Walls • Multiple sizes & colors, smaller tiles shipped with backing sheets

33. Laying Ceramic Tile Reinforced ‘Mesh’ Bridge Cracks in Floor

34. Applying Adhesive with a Notched Trowel

35. Spacers Being Installed

36. Tile Placement

37. Cutting Tile

38. Small tile shipped with backing sheet

39. Decorative Ceramic Tile

40. Terrazzo • Ground/polished concrete • Typ. granite or marble chips w/ colored cement • Divider strips • At changes in color/texture, expansion/contraction

41. Brass Divider Strips

42. Wood Flooring • Materials • white & red oak, pecan, maple, pine, …. • Types • Wood Strip Flooring - blind nailed • Square edge - fasteners visible (or filled) • Parquet • Pre-finished or finished in-place (except parquet)

43. Blind Nailed Strip Flooring

44. Multiple Floor Finishes wood, tile, & carpet

45. Resilient Flooring • Vinyl Composition • Thin (1/8”), rolls or tiles (VCT) • Will show substrate irregularities • Multiple colors & patterns • Low cost, moderate durability • Installation - glued

47. Carpet • Multiple styles, colors, … • Indoor and Outdoor • Installation • Glued directly to substrate, or • Pad & tackless strip

49. Edge Strip Glued Carpet abutting Terrazzo

50. Sustainability in Floors and Ceilings • Indoor air quality: problems often caused by finish materials and coatings ( glues, binders, fabrics, etc.) • Mold & Mildew: can be a problem in carpets, wall coverings, & fabrics • Vinyl common in finishes: manufacture of vinyl releases significant amounts of air pollution • Recycling of interior materials in its infancy