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CH 32: WWII 1939-1945

*********. CH 32: WWII 1939-1945. What is Totalitarianism?. Total control over the lives of individual citizens Forms of totalitarianism : 1. Communism (Soviet Union) 2. Fascism (Italy). Features of A Totalitarian State. 1. Single party Dictatorship 2. State control of Economy

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CH 32: WWII 1939-1945

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  1. ********* CH 32: WWII 1939-1945

  2. What is Totalitarianism? • Total control over the lives of individual citizens • Forms of totalitarianism: • 1. Communism (Soviet Union) • 2. Fascism (Italy)

  3. Features of A Totalitarian State • 1. Single party Dictatorship • 2. State control of Economy • 3. Police spies • 4. Strict Censorship • 5. Use of schools & media to indoctrinate citizens • 6. Unquestioning obedience to single ruler

  4. Road To WWII • Versailles Treaty (WWI) the source of all of Germany’s economic troubles Map of Europe after 1919

  5. Hitler’s Rise to Power Hitler’s Rise to Power • Ran for President in 1932 • He lost 13 million votes vs. 19 million • President Hindenberg named him Chancellor in 1933

  6. Hitler’s Appeal • 40 Years old • 40% of the party under 40 • Ideas of national recovery, rapid change, personal advancement appealing to a desperate population • Delivered a scapegoat

  7. Consolidation of Power • Hitler • 1. Captured full legal authority • 2. Crushed opposition • 3. Purged Nazi party of rivals

  8. Hitler’s Rule by Fear • Established SS Organization • Police surveillance • “Protective Force” • 1933 = 52,000 members • Heinrich Himmler, Commander

  9. The Persecution of Jews Began 1933-1934 • Boycotts against Jews • Jews fired from government jobs including teachers, University Professors, Doctors, Lawyers, etc.

  10. The Persecution of Jews 1933-1934 • Jews fired from jobs in radio, theatres, and art • Books written by Jews burned in bonfires • Prohibited from owning land

  11. Nuremberg Laws, 1935 • Defined “Jewish” as having at least 1 Jewish grandparent • No religious connotation • Legal basis for discrimination

  12. Nuremberg Laws, 1935 • Deprived Jewish community of citizenship rights • Marriage between Jews & “non” Jews banned • Yellow star of David

  13. Kristallnacht, 1938 • “Night of Broken Glass” • Persecution increased • Nov. 9-10 Nazis burned & destroyed thousands of Jewish homes, businesses, and temples

  14. Kristallnacht, 1938 • 100 Jews killed • 7,500 Jewish homes, businesses destroyed • Hundreds schools, cemeteries, synagogues vandalized • 30,000 Jews arrested • Jewish shops ordered to close by December 31st, 1938

  15. “The Echoes of Kristallnacht”, 2018 • https://www.theatlantic.com/video/index/574309/kristallnacht/ • Thoughts?

  16. Hitler’s Goals: • 1. To bring German speaking “Volk” (people) together as a single nation • 2. Lebensraum – the need for more “living space” • 3. Removal of “undesirables” • 4. Territorial Expansion

  17. Hitler “Re-armed” Germany • 1. 1935 formed German air force LUFTWAFFE • 2. Conscription (draft) • League of Nations condemned act, but did nothing

  18. Rome –Berlin Axis, 1936 • Benitio Mussolini (Italy) & Adolf Hitler’s (Germany) created an alliance

  19. Hitler Invaded… • (1.) The Rhineland, 1936 • Region between Germany & France • “lebensraum” policy began

  20. Anti-Comintern Pact, 1937 • Alliance formed between : Germany, Italy, Japan • Pledged to oppose international communism

  21. Anschluss with Austria, 1938 • The “union” of Germany & Austria • Violation of Treaty of Versailles • Czechoslovakia was now threatened

  22. Munich Conference, Sept.1938 • Hitler Threatens to invade Czechoslovakia • French, Russians, British warn Hitler • They will support Czechs…

  23. Hitler Invaded… • Sudentenland 1938 (Czechoslovakia)

  24. Nazi- Soviet Pact, 1939 • Stalin (U.S.S.R.) Signed non-aggression pact with Hitler (Germany)

  25. Hitler Invaded…(Cont’d) • Poland Sept. 1st, 1939 • Great Britain & France declared war on Germany • WWII officially began on this date

  26. Poland • invaded by Germans from the West • Invaded by Soviet Union from the East • Poland divided between the two

  27. Why Didn’t Anyone Stop Hitler Prior To Sept. 1st 1939? • The “Appeasement” Policy: • Allowing aggressors to have what they want… • In the hope they will demand no more

  28. “Blitzkrieg” • The German military strategy “Lightning Warfare” • Brutal surprise attacks by the • “Luftwaffe” – German air force • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gUjrnlMAtQ4

  29. 2 Sides • ALLIES: • 1. Great Britain • 2. France • 3. U.S. (joined 1941) • 4. Soviet Union (joined 1941 After Hitler betrayed Stalin) • AXIS POWERS: • 1. Germany • 2. Italy • 3. Japan

  30. (1940) Meanwhile, Hitler… • Invaded and conquered Northern Europe • Denmark, Norway April,1940

  31. (1940) Hitler Invaded :… • Belgium • Netherlands • Luxembourg • May, 1940

  32. And Conquered France! • Germans attacked May 10, 1940 • France surrendered June 22, 1940 • Defeat of France shocked the world

  33. Battle of Britain • Great Britain bombed Aug. 1940 • 1 night- 70,000 fire bombs dropped • London bombed every night for 2 months!

  34. Battle of Britain • Much of London destroyed • 15,000 civilian casualties • British won… barely • “Operation Pied Piper” – British children were sent to the countryside for safety reasons

  35. Battle of Britain in Film: The Chronicles of Narnia • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQ0fGS01Pdg • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJ6exK876G0

  36. Peter Pan 2: Return to Neverland (2002) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4SAD81xrVc

  37. Yes, This is a WWII Reference • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrHkKXFRbCI

  38. Operation Barbarossa, 1941 • Hitler Betrayed Stalin! • And invaded the Soviet Union in June! • And then winter began… • Soviet Union won.. barely

  39. Soviet “Night Witches” • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-FkoDM9bFXU • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9zjrkUGE-o

  40. The Holocaust Begins • Hitler and Nazis ordered all Jews to move to designated cities • Ghettos

  41. 1941 – The “Final Solution” • A program of genocide • extermination of Jews, people of color, Gypsies, Clergy, disabled

  42. Concentration Camps • 1941-1942- transported to concentration camps • Largest: Auschwitz-Birkenau, Poland • 6 Million Jews Killed, 6 Million Non- Jews Killed

  43. Who Was Anne Frank? • https://www.annefrank.org/en/anne-frank/who-was-anne-frank/

  44. Persecution of Gypsies • Roma People from various parts of Europe • 250,000 – 500,000 Died in the Holocaust

  45. In the Meantime… • Japan, like Germany, invaded its neighbors • 1. Invaded Manchuria 1931 • 2. Invaded China 1937 • Nanking- 200,000 Chinese citizens killed • 3. Invaded Indo-China (Vietnam)

  46. In response to Japanese Aggression… President Roosevelt • Froze Japanese assets in U.S. • Restricted oil exports to Japan • Placed embargo on sale of scrap iron to Japan

  47. In Retaliation, Japan Planned a Secret Attack on American Territory

  48. Pearl Harbor, Hawaii • December 7, 1941 • Japanese planes attack American fleet • 2,400 die • 1,200 wounded • U.S. officially joined WWII in 1941 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VBdIR7_B3JA

  49. Why Pearl Harbor? • Key American military base in the Pacific • Dec. 8 :President Roosevelt/Congress declared war on Japan • Dec. 11: Germany & Italy declared war on U.S.

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