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Do Now:. -Copy HW and take out Saving Fred Monday: Finish Lab Tuesday: Measurement Practice Ditto Wednesday: NO HW Thursday: Metric Unit Practice Friday: NO HW . Do Now: Focused Free Write.
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Do Now: -Copy HW and take out Saving Fred Monday: Finish Lab Tuesday: Measurement Practice Ditto Wednesday: NO HW Thursday: Metric Unit Practice Friday: NO HW
Do Now: Focused Free Write Directions: On a clean sheet of loose-leaf paper in your class-work section, answer the following questions in complete sentences 1)Why are goals important to success? 2)What are some of your goals for this year in Science?
Do Now: Focused free Write Directions: Take a packet from the Do NOW desk. On a clean sheet of loose-leaf paper in your class-work section make 5 observations about our classroom…
Unit 1: Introduction The Nature of Science When it comes to looking at life, I always tend to round up, but in Science I know to simply follow the rounding procedure! P.S. My name is Elle
1.Observations: • Are the use of the 5 senses to learn something about the environment.
a. When you observe, you use your ____________ to take in everything that is happening around you, paying close attention to detail Senses b. Examples: • The rock is round and smooth.
2.INFERENCE: -Are interpretations of your observations. -In other words, when you infer you form a conclusion based on something you observed.
b. An example of an inference is: i. The round and smooth rocks must have been carried here by running water.
b. Examples ii. Since the dog is wagging his tail he must be happy. iii. Make an inference about something your observe in the classroom.
Prediction • Lets looks at this picture again, what will eventually happen to the circled rock? How is a prediction different than an inference?
3.Prediction • An educated guess as to what will happen in the near future based usually on your observations and inferences. • An example of a prediction: i. An angular rock will eventually become rounded if it stays in the stream. ii. Ms. Gill will wear something stylish tomorrow.
Closure • Write a paragraph in your own words comparing and contrasting the three terms: Observation, Inference and Prediction in your note packet
Do Now • Observation/ Inference Worksheet on the Do NOW desk • Take out homework
The Nature of Science • Working science does not simply follow a stepwise procedure such as the scientific method but rather limits, a level of uncertainty, biases, reasons for its reliability and social aspects to consider. • Understanding of our world are constantly evolving. There is much more to science than simply following the scientific method, a stepwise formula to solve problems by testing proposed solutions.
The Nature of Science • The World Is Understandable • Scientific Knowledge Is Durable • Scientific knowledge is inherently uncertain. • Scientific Ideas Are Subject To Change • Science Demands Evidence • Science Is a Blend of Logic and Imagination • Science Explains and Predicts • Science Is Not Authoritarian • Scientists Try to Identify and Avoid Bias • There Are Generally Accepted Ethical Principles in the Conduct of Science • Science Cannot Provide Complete Answers to All Questions • Science Is a Complex Social Activity • Scientists Participate in Public Affairs Both as Specialists and as Citizens
Scientific Theory • An idea explaining scientific phenomenon supported by evidence gathered from repeated experiments
Hypothesis • A testable statement that describes the solution of an experiment. Written as “If_____________, then _______________ because _______________.
Scientific Method • a stepwise formula to solve a problem by testing a Hypothesis, it is often used in the classroom but not always in true science.
Do Now: Scientific Method Worksheet on “Do Now” Desk Copy this Weeks Homework: Monday: Scientific Method HW ditto & Finish Skittles Lab Tuesday: Doing Science Worksheet Wednesday: Finish “Saving Fred” Lab Thursday: Graphing Worksheet Friday: NO HOMEWORK… Enjoy your three day weekend!
Scientific Method: • Steps that scientist use to solve a problem!
Scientific Method: • State the problem! • Example: I observe two plants growing in my house. Why is one taller than the other?
Scientific Method: • 2. Gather information. (Research!) observations, research, brainstorming Examples: 1. Are both plants the same species? 2. Are both plants the same age? 3. Are both plants receiving the same resources to survive?
Scientific Method 3. Develop a Hypothesis. -based on observations and research -Statement, NOT a question! -can be tested • Write your hypothesis in the space provided!
Scientific Method • Develop a Hypothesis. Ex: If I deprive a plant of natural sunlight then it will die because plants need sunlight to survive.
Scientific Method: 4. Test you Hypothesis Plan: Beginning with two identical plants of the same starting height and species. I will place one plant on the window sill and another plant in the closet. I will give each plant the same amount of water each day (15mL) I will measure the height every week on Fridays for one month
Scientific Method: 5. Observe and record your data. Use tables and notes to record observations and measurements. In the box provided draw a sample table that you would use to record data
Scientific Method: 6. Analyze & Interpret Results using charts and graphs
Scientific Method: 7. Conclusion: -based on observations and results -State whether your hypothesis was accepted or rejected Ex: My Hypothesis is accepted because the plant on the window sill grew 3 cm but the plant in the closet did not grow.
Do Now: • Take out your Homework • Do Now Worksheet on desk Today’s Aim: Experimental Design & Interpolating Data
Experimental Design: • When designing an experiment, a scientist must test only one factor at a time. • Variable: one factor that can exist in differing amounts that is being tested.
Experimental Design Control Group Experimental Group -Constantconditions - Identical to the • Used for Consistency control group and to isolate the EXCEPT for one Variable variablebeing tested -Used to generate results.
Independent Variable The variable that is changed by the scientist. For example: amount of sunlight in our experiment To ensure a fair test, a good experiment has only one independent variable. As the scientist changes the independent variable, he or she observes what happens.
Dependent Variable The scientist focuses his or her observations on the dependent variable to see how it responds to the change made to the independent variable. For example: the growth of the plant The new value of the dependent variable is caused by and depends on the value of the independent variable
Contols A condition that is kept constant among groups in an experiment. For example: The amount of water given to each plant
Do Now Take out “Saving Fred” lab, Pass up procedure Focused Free Write in class notes What is a line graph? Why are they so important in science? What are some key elements that all line graphs must have?
How to make a graph! It's probably better to do a graph in pencil first, then in pen.
How to make a graph! • 1. Collect your data. After you have it all in one place, you should have one independent variable (like time) and one dependent variable (like something you measure as a function of time).
Making a Graph • Here are some points we will use as an example; we've measured position of a ball as a function of time: time (s) position (cm) 1 3.0 2 5.5 3 7.5 4 9.0 5 10.0
Making a Graph 2. Determine the range of your data. In order to determine how big a graph to make, we need to determine how much the numbers vary. In this case, time varies from 1 to 5 seconds, and position varies from 3.0 to 5.3 cm. We have to make sure that there is enough space on the graph to fit all the data
Making a Graph 3. The independent variable (time, in this case) will go on the x-axis (the one parallel to the bottom of the page), and the dependent variable (position, in this case) will go on the y-axis (parallel to the left hand side of the page). So, draw axes that are big enough for all the data.
Making a Graph 4. Give your graph a Title. Titles of graphs are usually "Y versus X"; so in this case, our title is "Position versus Time." (NOT position divided by time, or position minus time.)
Making a Graph 5. Label your graph and your axes. THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT! When presented with your graph, other people should be able to figure out what is plotted without asking you.
Making a Graph 6. Labels on the axes must have units! So, in this case, the label on the x axis (the one on the bottom) should be "Time (seconds)" and the label on the y axis (the one on the left) should be "Position (centimeters)."
