1 / 37

Sex Offender-Specific Treatment Outcome Research: Learning Objectives

Sex Offender-Specific Treatment Outcome Research: Learning Objectives. Describe the general findings of sex offender-specific treatment outcome research Describe the financial costs and benefits of sex offender-specific treatment. Does Treatment Reduce Recidivism in Sex Offenders?.

garry
Download Presentation

Sex Offender-Specific Treatment Outcome Research: Learning Objectives

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Sex Offender-Specific Treatment Outcome Research: Learning Objectives • Describe the general findings of sex offender-specific treatment outcome research • Describe the financial costs and benefits of sex offender-specific treatment Short Version: Section 2

  2. Does Treatment Reduce Recidivism in Sex Offenders? Goal: reduction in sexual recidivism in treated versus untreated sex offenders Short Version: Section 2

  3. Barbaree & Marshall, 1988 • 126 treated (cognitive-behavioral methods) and untreated child molesters in a community sample • 4 year follow-up • Recidivism (measured by official police records and unofficial police and child protective agency reports) rates quite different between the treated and untreated groups Short Version: Section 2

  4. Barbaree & Marshall, 1988(cont.) • Extra-familial female-target child molesters • Recidivism rates over four years for treated group: 18%; for untreated group: 43% • Extra-familial male-target child molesters • Recidivism rates for treated group: 13%; for untreated group: 43% • Incest female-target child molesters • Recidivism rates for treated group: 8%; for untreated group: 22% Short Version: Section 2

  5. Barbaree & Marshall, 1988 (cont.) Recidivism Rates Short Version: Section 2

  6. Rice, Quinsey, & Harris, 1991 • Studied 136 extrafamilial child molesters from a maximum security psychiatric hospital over a 6 year follow-up period • Found no treatment effect Short Version: Section 2

  7. Hall, 1995 • Performed meta-analysis on 12 sex offender treatment outcome studies • Total sample size of 1,313 sex offenders • Recidivism: formal legal charge for a new sex offense after the completion of treatment for the treatment group • Mean length of treatment 18.5 months Short Version: Section 2

  8. Hall, 1995(cont.) • Mean follow-up period across studies was 6.85 years • Found small but significant recidivism-reducing treatment effect for treatment versus no treatment or comparison treatment conditions • Overall recidivism rate for treated sex offenders: 19% • Recidivism rate for untreated group: 27% Short Version: Section 2

  9. Hall, 1995(cont.) Short Version: Section 2

  10. Hall, 1995(cont.) • Greatest treatment effects were in studies with • Longer follow-up periods • Higher base rates of recidivism • Outpatient services • Cognitive-behavioral treatment or anti-androgen treatment Short Version: Section 2

  11. General Accounting Office, 1996 • Summarized 22 reviews of research on sex offender treatment covering 550 studies between 1977 and 1996 • Report concluded that the results are promising but inconclusive Short Version: Section 2

  12. Alexander, 1999 • Examined data from 79 sex offender treatment outcome studies encompassing 10,988 subjects • Divided offenders and offenses into subtypes by age of offender, age of victim, offense type, type of treatment, location of treatment, years in which treatment occurred, and length of follow-up • Recidivism typically defined as subjects who were rearrested for a new sex offense Short Version: Section 2

  13. Alexander, 1999(cont.) • Offenders who participated in relapse prevention treatment programs had a rearrest rate of 7% compared to 18% for untreated offenders • 528 adult male rapists: 20% of the treated group reoffended; 24% of the untreated group Short Version: Section 2

  14. Alexander, 1999(cont.) Short Version: Section 2

  15. Alexander, 1999(cont.) Recidivism Rates Short Version: Section 2

  16. Alexander, 1999(cont.) • 2,137 child molesters: 14% of the treated group reoffended; 26% of the untreated group • Treatment effect was especially strong for the 331 exhibitionists: 20% of the treated group reoffended; 57% of the untreated group • For all 10,988 study subjects combined, 13% of the treated group reoffended; 18% of the untreated subjects reoffended Short Version: Section 2

  17. Alexander, 1999 (cont.) Recidivism Rates Short Version: Section 2

  18. Hanson et al., 2002 The 2002 ATSA Report on the Effectiveness of Treatment for Sexual Offenders • Collaborative research project to: • Define standards for research on treatment outcomes for sex offenders • Summarize existing research • Promote high quality evaluations Short Version: Section 2

  19. Hanson et al., 2002(cont.) Short Version: Section 2

  20. Seto & Barbaree, 1999 • Evaluated the relationship of clinical ratings of treatment behavior to recidivism (in-session behavior, homework quality, motivation, and change achieved) • Found good treatment behavior was unrelated to general recidivism but associated with higher serious violent or sexual recidivism • Men who scored higher in psychopathy and better in treatment behavior were the most likely to reoffend Short Version: Section 2

  21. Serious Sex Offender Recidivism Related to Treatment Behavior and Psychopathy Psychopathy Seto & Barbaree, 1999 Short Version: Section 2

  22. Hanson & Morton-Bourgon, 2004 • Update of 1998 meta-analytic review of sex offender recidivism studies • Analyzed 95 studies containing 31,216 sex offenders • This study examined primarily dynamic (changeable) risk factors, rather than the static (unchangeable) factors reviewed in the 1998 study • 5-6 year follow-up Short Version: Section 2

  23. Hanson & Morton-Bourgon, 2004 • Results showed that the sexual recidivism rate across all studies was 13.7% • General recidivism rate was 36.9% • All types of recidivism were predicted by offenders having an unstable, antisocial lifestyle, or lack of self-control • Those individuals with deviant sexual interests, particularly in children, were most likely to reoffend sexually • High rates of sexual preoccupation were significantly related to all forms of recidivism Short Version: Section 2

  24. Lösel & Schmucker, 2005 • First international meta-analysis of both published and unpublished sex offender biological and psychological treatment outcome studies • Included 69 studies with more than 22,000 subjects were analyzed—about one-third published since the year 2000 and one-third published outside North America • Recidivism was operationalized as broadly as possible, ranging from incarceration to lapses in behavior Short Version: Section 2

  25. Lösel & Schmucker, 2005 • 11% recidivism rate in treatment groups • 17.5% recidivism rate in control groups • Overall, treatment provides a 37% reduction in sexual recidivism • Cognitive-behavioral treatments had the most significant impact on sexual recidivism Short Version: Section 2

  26. Lösel & Schmucker, 2005 Short Version: Section 2

  27. Marques et al., 2005 • Marques and colleagues employed an experimental design to evaluate the Sex Offender Treatment and Evaluation Project (SOTEP) • Stationed at Atascadero State Hospital in California, SOTEP operated from 1985 to June 1995 • Randomized clinical trial • 704 participants • 259 = relapse prevention program • 225 = untreated volunteer control • 220 = untreated non-volunteer control • 8 year follow-up Short Version: Section 2

  28. Marques et al., 2005 • Final results revealed no significant differences among the three groups in their rates of sexual or violent reoffending • 22% of the treatment group committed a subsequent sexual offense and 16.2% had a violent reoffense • 20% of the volunteer group reoffended sexually and 16.3% had a subsequent violent offense • 19.1% of the non-volunteer control group had a sexual reoffense and 15% had a violent reoffense • However, those who did well in treatment recidivated at lower rates than those who did not progress in treatment Short Version: Section 2

  29. Marques et al., 2005 Short Version: Section 2

  30. McGrath et al., 2003 • Evaluation of a prison-based cognitive-behavioral, relapse prevention treatment program for adult sex offenders in the State of Vermont, which included a community aftercare component • 195 participants • 90 = no treatment • 56 = completed treatment • 49 = some treatment • 6 year follow-up Short Version: Section 2

  31. McGrath et al., 2003 • Results showed that almost one quarter of the total sample (23%) were found to have committed a new sex offense during the follow-up period • Sex offenders in the completed treatment group had a significantly lower sexual recidivism rate (5%) then both the some treatment group (31%) and the no treatment group (30%) • The completed treatment group also had a significantly lower rate of violent recidivism than the no-treatment group Short Version: Section 2

  32. McGrath et al., 2003 Short Version: Section 2

  33. Seager et al., 2004 • Seager et al. examined men over the age of 18 who were convicted of a sex offense and were offered the opportunity to participate in a manualized treatment program, in which offender progress was clinically evaluated • 177 participants • 81 successfully completed the treatment program • 28 were unsuccessful • 17 offenders dropped out • 19 refused to participate Short Version: Section 2

  34. Seager et al., 2004 • Overall, 12% of the offenders in this study were reconvicted for a sex or violent offense and 23% were charged with a new sex or violent offense • 4% of successful treatment completers and 7% of unsuccessful treatment completers were convicted for a new sexual or violent offense • 32% of those who dropped out, refused, or were terminated from treatment incurred a new conviction and 49% had new charges • Dropping out, refusing, or being terminated from treatment was related to higher risk for sexual and/or violent offending Short Version: Section 2

  35. Seager et al., 2004 Short Version: Section 2

  36. Financial Costs/Benefits of Treatment • Any reduction in recidivism is significant in terms of reduction of harm to victims and costs to society • Prentky and Burgess (1990) estimated the costs per sex offense for offender-related and victim-related expenses totaled $183,333 • Therefore, if there are eight fewer offenses for every 100 sex offenders, the tangible financial savings is $1,466,664 • If we think treatment of sex offenders is expensive, compare it to the cost of not treating sex offenders Short Version: Section 2

  37. Summary • When all studies are reviewed, sex offender treatment reduces sexual recidivism in adult males about 5 to 10% • Any reduction in reoffense rates can result in very significant cost savings and—more critically—a reduction in harm Short Version: Section 2

More Related