Chapter 5 Section 1 Taxation Without Representation

1. Chapter 5 Section 1Taxation Without Representation • Proclamation of 1763 • King George III- declared Appalachian Mt Range were temporary western boundary for colonies. • Angered Speculators- bought land west of the mountains. • Also affected relationship with colonies.

2. Relations With Britain • How did the Proclamation of 1763 provide advantages for Britain? (remember it stopped western settlement) • British Govt. not colonists to control westward movement. • Slowed colonists from moving away from coast.(Britain’s Investments/markets) • Allowed British Officials to control lucrative fur trade. • British planned to keep 10,000 troops in America to protect their interests.

3. Colonists Reactions • 10,000 British Troops= interfere with liberties • Proclamation of 1763= limits on their freedom • Financial Burden of The War • Left Britain with huge Public Debt • Britain needed Revenue • King and Parliament felt colonist should pay. • They began plans to tax the Colonies.

4. Britain’s Trade law • 1763- George Greenville became Prime Minister of Britain. • Wanted to reduce Britain’s debt. • Take action against smuggling in the colonies. • Colonists smuggled goods to avoid taxes= loss in revenue for Britain • 1763- Smugglers to Vice Admiralty court. • 1767- Writs of Assistance- legal documents allowed customs officers to enter any location to search for smuggled goooods.

5. Sugar Act • 1764- act lowered tax on molasses imported by colonist. • Greenville hoped lower tax would convince colonists to pay tax and not smuggle. • Act allowed officers to seize goods from smugglers without going to court.

6. Colonists Reaction sugar act/ smuggling laws • Acts / laws angered the colonists • Rights as Englishmen were violated. • Writs of Assistance- violated rights to be secure in their home. • Vice Admiralty Courts- colonists to prove innocence. British Law- innocent until proven guilty • James Otis- defended colonial rights through speeches/ pamphlets.

7. The Stamp Act • 1765- Parliament passed act that placed a tax on nearly all printed material in the colonies. • Printed material had to have stamp applied by British officials. • Affected all colonial cities. • Act taxed colonies directly and without the colonies consent. • Parliament ignored the colonial tradition of self government.

8. Protesting the Stamp Act • Patrick Henry- persuaded Va. House of Burgesses to take action against act • Resolution- passed declaring: “it had the only and sole exclusive right and power to lay taxes” • Samuel Adams started “Sons of Liberty” to protest stamp act. • 1765- protestors burned “effigies” rag figures • Burned houses that belonged to royal officials

9. The Act is Repealed • March 1766- parliament repealed act due to colonial persistence • Colonist celebrated while Britain passed Declaratory Act. • Declaratory Act of 1766- gave parliament the right to tax and make decisions for British Colonies.

10. NEW TAXES • 1767- Townshend Acts Passed. • Townshend Acts- New set of taxes applied only to imported goods. Tax was to be paid at port of entry. • Because they understood colonists would not tolerate internal taxes. • Goods Taxed= glass, tea, paper, and lead. • Colonist had to import – they didn’t produce.

11. Colonists Reaction • Brought back the Boycott that worked so well against the Stamp Act. • Even More Widespread. • “Daughters of Liberty” – women active now • Urged Americans to wear Homemade fabrics and become economically independent.