The Impact of Connected Vehicles on Traffic Operations

1. The Impact of Connected Vehicles on Traffic Operations ISMA Traffic ExpoOctober 1, 2014

2. Agenda Traffic management objectives Vehicles: connected, autonomous USDOT CV Program, applications More immediate applications Key trends, responsibilities Ideas for action Discussion

3. Are we done? Source: Google

4. Things are Happening

5. In Canada Too BC and Alberta CV Test Beds CCMTA – regulation, drivers, data Insurance Bureau Canada Ontario Policy on testing AVs on Ontario roads

6. Autonomous Vehicles and Connectivity

7. Traffic Management Objectives Mobility Sustainability Safety

8. Connected Vehicles Eco-system Road Network, System Authentication Map, GIS Application Servers , • ``data describing the operation of the system will originate with an operating agency or its service provider partners and contractors``

9. Connected Vehicles Eco-system Road Network, System Authentication Agency Map, GIS Application Servers Industry , • ``data describing the operation of the system will originate with an operating agency or its service provider partners and contractors`` http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/52000/52600/52602/FHWA-JPO-14-125_v2.pdf

10. Some Urban Traffic Applications Red Light Violation Warning and Stop Sign Violation Driver Gap Assist at Signalized Intersections and Stop Signs Motorist Advisories and Warnings (emergencies, weather, variable speeds, queue, speed zone, work zone, oversize vehicle) Active Traffic Management (lane control, dynamic speed harmonization, cooperative adaptive cruise control) Advanced Traveler Information System (dynamic route guidance, travel time) Multimodal Intelligent Traffic Signal Systems (freight signal priority, intelligent traffic signal system, transit signal priority, pedestrian mobility, emergency vehicle pre-emption) Integrated Dynamic Transit Operations (Connection Protection, Dynamic Transit Operations, Dynamic Ridesharing) Integrated Dynamic Multimodal Operations Origin-Destination (with opt-in permissions or anonymization), Traffic Model Baselining & Predictive Traffic Studies Eco-Signal Operations (approach and departure, traffic signal timing, transit signal priority, freight signal priority, connected eco-driving)

11. Real Time Safety • Capabilities, Awareness • Vehicles have GPS, DSRC, (…cellular data), processors, driver interface, vehicle interface • Infrastructure has intelligence, DSRC, SPaT (CICAS) • Maps, assets, conditions • Actions • Each vehicle broadcasts location, heading, speed and more every 100ms • Each vehicle receives messages from other vehicles and infrastructure • On Board Unit (OBU) calculates collisions etc., warns driver, other actions

12. Traffic Signal Violation Warning The in-vehicle system will use information communicated from infrastructure located at traffic signals to determine if a warning should be given to the driver. The communicated information would include traffic signal status and timing, traffic signal stopping location or distance information, and directionality. The type of road surface and weather conditions near the traffic signal may also be communicated as this could be used to better estimate braking distance.

13. Intersection Collision Warning Infrastructure sensors and/or DSRC communications can be used to detect all vehicles, their position, velocity, acceleration, and turning status while approaching an intersection. Weather status and the road shape/surface type can be variables for calculating the likelihood of a collision. The infrastructure unit or the in-vehicle unit determines when a collision is imminent and issues a warning to either a specific vehicle or all drivers in the vicinity, depending on the warning strategy.

14. Adaptive Traffic Signal Control • Reduced need for dedicated traffic sensors • CVs provide much broader range of data • Enables new control strategies such as: • Dilemma zone (dynamic amber duration) • Enhanced coordination (platoon tracking) • Queue balancing/spillback control • Transit priority • Integration with dynamic lane markings • Traveller information 68% of collisions involving bicyclists occurred at intersections 30% of fatal collisions and more than 50% of personal injury collisions occur at intersections or are related to intersection operations

15. Traffic Signals:Eco-Driving • How it Works • Collects SPaT second by second from central server (cellular or DSRC) • Calculates optimum speeds for drivers and informs • Context aware –e.g. traffic speed • Potential Benefits • Reduced energy use: 20-35% • Reduced noise • Reduced pollutants • ● CO2 20-35% ● CO 20-30% • ● HC 15-20% ● NOx 55-60%

16. Dynamic Signal Control for Vehicles and Pedestrians

17. Privacy For some applications the more data you have the more real time you can manage Cameras, BT readers etc. will become increasing concerns with respect to privacy Experience shows vast majority will opt in but want the opportunity Hybrid systems while evolve to critical mass data collection – opt in

18. Moving Forward • Deliver Mobility • Measure volume, origin destination • Before, after – on every program including coordination • Engage drivers in being part of the solution – alternate routes, times – VMS, in vehicle virtual signs (visual or audio) • Dynamic • Incident, conflict reduction including with pedestrians • Engage smartly with existing services e.g. parkopedia • Robust broadband communications throughout network • GIS data – collect it in detail as go – lane level, intersection marking • Signal phase and timing data • bring it back to server every second where ever can • Insist that it be exportable in a defined format • Determine policy for data use internally, by other parties • Controllers • Ask suppliers what plans are for connected vehicles, DSRC • Look at construction projects – by the time they finished should you be putting in CV oriented controllers • Municipal vehicles • As sources of data • Economic benefits of equipping –e.g. 10% reduction in fuel use • Standards: USDOT, AASHTO, MTO, ISMA…