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Over the Counter Contraceptive Methods

Over the Counter Contraceptive Methods. Male & Female Condoms, The Sponge, and Spermicide. What is a Male Condom?. OTC, barrier methods, reversible Made of thin latex or plastic worn on the penis during intercourse to collect semen Available dry or lubricated. How well do they work?.

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Over the Counter Contraceptive Methods

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  1. Over the Counter Contraceptive Methods Male & Female Condoms, The Sponge, and Spermicide

  2. What is a Male Condom? • OTC, barrier methods, reversible • Made of thin latex or plastic worn on the penis during intercourse to collect semen • Available dry or lubricated

  3. How well do they work? • Perfect use: 98% • Typical use: 85% • Good protection against HIV and reduces risk of other STDs such as gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, HPV, and herpes

  4. Male condoms continued… • Advantages: allows men to share responsibility, no side effects, easy to get, can be used with other methods, can help relieve premature ejaculation, STD protection • Disadvantages: They can break, feeling may be reduced, interrupts lovemaking • Cost: $0.50 or less, sometimes FREE

  5. The Female Condom • Plastic pouch w/ flexible rings at each end • Inserted into the vagina like a diaphragm • Ring at the open end stays outside

  6. The female condom continued… • Effectiveness: 79% - 95% • Advantages: no fittings, can be used by people allergic to latex • Disadvantages: Irritation, slip into vagina, noisy • Cost: $2.50

  7. The Sponge • Reserve for 1,000 mg of nonoxynol-9, that is released into the vagina over 24 hour • Polyurethane foam traps and absorbs semen • Acts as a physical barrier between sperm and the cervix

  8. The sponge continued… • Thoroughly wet sponge w/water before insertion, leave in place for six hours after sex • Effectiveness: 84% to 91% • Adv: 24 hour protection, no hormones, not messy, easy to purchase/use • Disadv: irritation, no STD protection • Cost: pkg of 3 or 12 ($9 - $35)

  9. Spermicide • Foams, creams, jellies, film , suppositories • Inserted into vagina 10 minutes before intercourse (lasts approximately 1 hour) • Block entrance to uterus and immobilizes sperm

  10. Spermicide continued… • Effectiveness: 71% - 85% • Adv: Easy to obtain, no prescriptions or fittings • Disadv: Messy, no STD protection, Irritation • Cost: $8 - $16

  11. APPLICATION

  12. Other Rx, Behavioral, and Surgical Contraceptive Methods Diaphragm, Cervical Cap, Abstinence, Withdrawal, Outercourse, Tubal Ligation, and Vasectomy

  13. The Diaphragm & Cervical Cap • Reversible, prescription, barrier methods of birth control • Soft latex or silicone barriers that fit over the cervix • Used with a spermicide cream or jelly

  14. Diaphragm • Shallow dome shaped cup with a flexible rim • Fits securely in the vagina to cover the cervix

  15. Cervical Cap • Thimble shaped and smaller than the diaphragm • Fits securely onto the cervix

  16. How do they work? • Put 1 TBS of spermicide, then insert into the vagina to cover the cervix before intercourse • Blocks entrance to the uterus while spermicide immobilizes sperm, preventing it from joining an egg • Diaphragm: left in place for up to 24 hours • Cervical Cap: left in place for up to 48 hours

  17. Diaphragm and CC continued… • Effectiveness: Diaph = 94% & CC = 91% • Advantages: No effect on natural hormones, easily transported, does not interrupt sex play, and cannot be felt by either partner • Disadvantages: Require a fitting/refitting, insertion may be difficult, no STD protection • Cost: Exam = $50 - $200, Supplies = $15 -$50, and Spermicide = $8 - $17 per kit

  18. Continuous Abstinence • Not having intercourse with a partner • Effectiveness: 100% • Advantages: no medical or hormonal side effects • Disadvantages: people may find it difficult to abstain for long periods of time and its often ended without being prepared • Cost: FREE!

  19. Withdrawal • A man pulls his penis out of the vagina before he ejaculates • Effectiveness: 73% - 96% • Advantages: can be used when no other method is available • Disadvantages: requires great self control, not for sexually inexperienced, men who ejaculate prematurely, or teens • Cost: Free

  20. Outercourse • Sex play without intercourse (kissing, masturbation, massage, body-to-body rubbing, fantasy, and oral sex play) • Effectiveness: nearly 100% for pregnancy, but STDs are still quite possible • Advantages: no medical or hormonal side effects, increase intimacy between partners can be used when no other BC method is available • Disadvantages: outercourse may lead to unintended intercourse • Cost: Free

  21. Hormonal Contraceptives

  22. Implants • Norplant (most effective method of BC) • Six plastic implants inserted under skin of upper arm • Effectiveness: Over 99% for up to 7 years • Advantages: Continuous long-lasting • Disadvantages: Irregular bleeding, acne, skin rash, change in appetite, weight gain, depression, no protection against STD’s • Cost: $500-$750 and $100-$200 for removal • No longer available, but new and improved Norplant Approved by the US in mid-2006 , NO LONGER AVAILABLE!! Dangerous Side effects….

  23. The Shot • Depo-Provera & Lunelle • Injected into the buttock or arm every 12 weeks • Effectiveness: Over 99% for 12 weeks • Advantages: Effective for 12 weeks, no medicine to take every day, helps prevent cancer of the lining of the uterus • Disadvantages: Irregular or total loss of bleeding, change of appetite, weight gain, depression, loss of BMD • Cost: $50 for injection + office visit ($35-$125) • NEW: Depo-subQ Provera 104 (less invasive)

  24. The Pill • Taken daily in a monthly series • Effectiveness: Over 99% w/ perfect use for 1 month • Advantages: Regular and shorter periods, reduced menstrual flow and cramping, less acne, fewer symptoms of PMS, many pills to choose from • Disadvantages: Must take pill every day (same time), no protection from STD’s, weight gain, irregular bleeding, nausea, changes in mood • Cost: $20-$35 a month (per pack) • Seasonale: 84 day regimen with 7 days off • Lybrel: 365 day regimen; possibly available in 2006 • Long term effects are unknown

  25. THE PILL CASE

  26. The Ring • Nuva Ring • Small, flexible ring inserted into the vagina for 3 weeks and taken out for the 4th week • Effectiveness: Over 99% with perfect use for 1 month • Advantages: does not involve taking a daily pill, does not require a “fitting,” does not require the use of spermicide • Disadvantages: increased vaginal discharge, vaginal irritation or infection, irregular bleeding, weight gain, no protection against STD’s • Cost: $20-$35 a month (similar to The Pill)

  27. The Patch • Ortho Evra • Thin, plastic patch that is applied to the buttocks, stomach, upper outer arm, or upper torso once a week for 3 weeks, then 1 week off • Effectiveness: Over 99% w/perfect use for 1 mo • Advantages: Does not involve a daily pill, regular and shorter periods, less acne, less cramping • Disadvantages: Skin reactions, problems with contact lens use- a change in vision or ability to wear contact lenses, irregular bleeding, STD’s • Cost: Similar to other monthly methods ($20-$35 a month)

  28. The IUD • Para Gard & Mirena • Para Gard contains copper and Mirena contains natural hormones • Prevent fertilization of an egg by affecting the way the sperm or eggs move • Effectiveness: Over 99% for 10 years with Para Gard and 5 years with Mirena • Advantages: Long term protection that does not involve a daily pill • Disadvantages: Cramping may be greater, periods may be heavier and last longer, no STD protection • Cost: $175-$400 for exam, insertion, and follow-up

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