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Lesson Overview

Explore the sources of energy in living systems and how it is transferred from one organism to another. Learn about primary producers, such as plants and bacteria, and the different types of consumers. Discover the importance of sunlight and chemical energy in sustaining life on Earth.

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Lesson Overview

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  1. Lesson Overview 3.2 Energy, Producers, and Consumers

  2. THINK ABOUT IT • Where does energy in living systems come from? How is it transferred from one organism to another?

  3. Primary Producers • What are primary producers? • Primary producers are the first producers of energy-rich compounds that • are later used by other organisms. • Organisms need energy for growth, reproduction, and metabolic processes. • No organism can create energy • For most life on Earth, sunlight is the ultimate energy source

  4. Primary Producers • Plants, algae, and certain bacteria can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and convert it into usable forms = autotrophs. • Autotrophs are also called primary producers.

  5. Energy From the Sun • The best-known and most common primary producers harness solar energy through the process of photosynthesis.

  6. Life Without Light • Deep-sea ecosystems depend on primary producers that harness chemical energy from inorganic molecules such as hydrogen sulfide. • The use of chemical energy to produce carbohydrates is called chemosynthesis.

  7. Consumers • Organisms that must acquire energy from other organisms by ingesting in some way are known as heterotrophs. • Heterotrophs are also called consumers.

  8. Types of Consumers • Consumers are classified by the ways in which they acquire energy and nutrients. • Carnivores kill and eat other animals (snakes, dogs, cats) • Scavengers like a vulture, are animals that consume the carcasses of other animals that have been killed by predators or have died • Decomposers such as bacteria and fungi, feed by chemically breaking down organic matter. • Herbivores obtain energy and nutrients by eating plant leaves, roots, seeds, or fruits. Common herbivores include cows, caterpillars, and deer. • Omnivores diets naturally include a variety of different foods that usually include both plants and animals. Humans, bears, and pigs are omnivores.

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