Committing to the Core

Welcome to Session 3! Committing to the Core Rethinking Mathematics for the 21st Century Sara Good Heather Canzurlo

REFLECTION TOOL REVISTED • In Session 1 you assessed your level of implementation of the 8 Standards for Mathematical Practice. • Today, we’d like you to complete the tool again to reflect on your growth during the past several months. • After rating yourself, please indicate your choices by placing sticky dots on the graphs.

Recognize how diagnostic teaching and common misconceptions can move student thinking forward. • Distinguish between CGI problem types. • Identify the key instructional shifts in transitioning to the Common Core. • Commit to the PCSD Mathematics Instructional Framework.

THINKING ABOUT STUDENT THINKING • TASK • Examine and analyze the student thinking. • Please respond to the prompts on your own. • PlaceXs on the line plot poster to show your choices for questions 1 and 2.

Ma & Pa Kettle VIDEO What misconceptions did you notice in the video? What would be your next teaching move? Why? What does this have to do with traditional school mathematics?

1. Which of the following do you think best represents Dylan’s thinking? a. Dylan seems to have subtracted upside down in the ones place. b. Dylan has used place value thinking to reason through the computation. c. The numbers happened to work out this time. d. Dylan does not understand the operation of subtraction. 2. How would you use Dylan’s response to further student thinking? a. Ask his classmates to explore the solution and determine if the approach is valid. b. Model how to borrow from the hundreds and the tens. c. I would have Dylan explain his thinking before making any instructional decisions. d. I would demonstrate that there is more than one way to obtain a solution.

THINKING ABOUT STUDENT THINKING • Share the reasoning for your choices. • What can you infer from the group’s data? • What are the implications for our teaching practice?

THINKING ABOUT STUDENT THINKING How are these two questions different? How does she understand it? Does she know it?

THINKING ABOUT STUDENT THINKING Are we asking BOTH questions? What does she know? How does she understand it?

We have to know where students are in order to get them where they’re going! MATHEMATICAL UNDERSTANDING

WHAT IS OUR BELIEF SYSTEM? DEFICIT MODEL ASSET MODEL

DIAGNOSTIC TEACHING VIDEO • http://math.serpmedia.org/tools_diagnostic.html

http://americaschoice.org/misconceptions Correcting Misconceptions VS Remedial Learning A study by Alan Bell and Malcolm Swan found that students whose teachers addressed and corrected misconceptions, rather than simply using remedial measures, achieved and maintained higher long-term learning results.

“Just add a zero”

TEACHING FROM STUDENT MISCONCEPTIONS MISTAKES • Not intentional • Due to inattention or carelessness • Made by a few • Occurs infrequently • Can usually identify error • Can usually self-correct MISCONCEPTIONS • Consciously made • Students believe in correctness • Made by many • Happens repeatedly • Unable to figure out; student is committed • Often persist, even in the face of counter-evidence

TEACHING FROM STUDENT MISCONCEPTIONS • Teachers skillfully unearth misconceptions for scrutiny • Misconceptions are the subject of rich discussion • Students experience disequilibrium and re-construct existing schema to incorporate new knowledge • Students develop robust conceptual understanding and are able to transfer it to novel situations

Do we believe that we can positively impact student achievement? MATHEMATICAL UNDERSTANDING

IN PCSD WE BELIEVE: • All students can think mathematically and can learn to do so in increasingly sophisticated ways • The best way to support mathematics learning is to know what and how students are thinking and how to move this thinking forward. ASSET MODEL

CGI: Cognitively Guided Instruction • Is not a curriculum, but rather an approach to teaching mathematics • It offers a framework for thinking about student thinking • Developed by education researchers Thomas Carpenter, Elizabeth Fennema, Penelope Peterson, Megan LoefFranke, and Linda Levi • “Children do not always think about mathematics in the same ways that adults do. If we want to give children the opportunity to build their understanding from within, we need to understand how children think about mathematics.” (from the Introduction of Children’s Mathematics: Cognitively Guided Instruction, Carpenter & Fennema, et. Al)

CGI CGI is rooted in two major principles: • Children bring informal, intuitive knowledge of mathematics to school with them which should serve as the basis for developing formal mathematics instruction 2) Math instruction should be based on the relationship between computational skills and problem solving, which leads to an emphasis on problem solving in the classroom instead of the repetition of number facts

CGI Stages • Creating a climate for communication • Posing problems • Problem solving • Reporting solution strategies • OBSERVE • QUESTION • LISTEN VIDEO https://www.teachingchannel.org/videos/problem-solving-math?fd=1#

CGI and Problem Structures • CGI research has identified and classified word problems by operation and type • 14 types of structures • based on children’s natural approaches

THE COMMON CORE STATE STANDARDS HELP US MOVE THINKING FORWARD • they provide clear signposts along the way to the goal of college and careerreadiness for all students • they empower students to understand what is expected of them and to become progressively more proficient in understanding and using mathematics • enable teachers to be better equipped to help students • convey a unified vision of the big ideas and supporting concepts within adiscipline and reflect a progression of learning that is meaningful and appropriate The companion Progressions Documents for each domain help inform our teaching!

Operations & Algebraic Thinking • The Common Core State Standards incorporate CGI problem structures and provide detailed guidance for teachers • page 9 of The Learning Progression Document for Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Problem Structures Sorting Activity K 2 1 1 K 2 1 K K

Problem Structures Sorting Activity 1 1 1 1 2 2

Problem Structures Sorting Activity • TASK • Read and discuss each word problem with your group. • Place each problem card on the Problem Structure mat. • Prepare to justify your choices.

Key

Everyday Mathematics & Problem Structures

SIX INSTRUCTIONAL SHIFTS

MATHEMATICS WORTHWHILE MATHEMATICAL TASKS COMMON CORE STATE STANDARDS FOR MATHEMATICS THINKING ABOUT STUDENT THINKING

MATHEMATICS INSTRUCTIONAL FRAMEWORK PLAN (Common Core State Standards) • Teachers design lesson plans aligned to the Common Core State Standards. • Teachers provide regular opportunities for students to engage in the Standards for Mathematical Practice. • Teachers create a classroom environment which promotes equity, communication, and collaboration. • Teachers use the Learning Progressions for each Domain to present mathematics as a coherent system of ideas and concepts. • Teachers anticipate student misconceptions, potential strategies, and the range of responses. • Teachers select multiple appropriate representations that express the same content. • Teachers draft essential, purposeful and thought-provoking questions prior to instruction. • Teachers draw upon a wide variety of research- based, high impact instructional strategies.

MATHEMATICS INSTRUCTIONAL FRAMEWORK ASSESS (Thinking About Student Thinking) • Teachers administer formative and summative assessments to monitor student progress toward the Common Core State Standards. • Teachers assess students’ growth in procedures, concepts, and problem solving. • Teachers look and listen for evidence of students engaging in the Standards for Mathematical Practice, and offer constructive feedback. • Teachers use effective questioning techniques to uncover how students are thinking. • Teachers hold all learners accountable to high standards. • Teachers ensure that students are doing mathematics, not just hearing about it. • Teachers provide opportunities for students to self-assess and reflect on their thinking.

MATHEMATICS INSTRUCTIONAL FRAMEWORK TEACH (Worthwhile Mathematical Tasks) • Teachers use the results of formative and summative assessment data to inform instruction. • Teachers balance instructional time between procedures, concepts, and problem solving. • Teachers capitalize on common misconceptions in order to help students construct meaning. • Teachers help students to make connections across multiple representations. • Teachers strategically pose varied questions at all levels of Blooms Taxonomy. • Teachers effectively facilitate mathematical discussions among students. • Teachers incorporate rich, group-worthy mathematical tasks. • Teachers maximize student participation and interactions by using flexible, small-group instruction, learning stations, and student interviews • Teachers challenge all students appropriately by differentiating instruction.

Are you ready? We will PLAN, ASSESS, and TEACH with intention, and in full alignment with the Common Core.

Committing to the Core