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Earthquake Engineering

Earthquake Engineering. Heidi Faison Justin Hollenback Jonathan Buckalew. Section 1: Earthquake Science. What causes the Earth to shake?. Earth Structure. Understanding EARTH Structure: Why does the crust move?. COLD!!!. HOT!!!. 25 miles deep. Plate Tectonics.

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Earthquake Engineering

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  1. Earthquake Engineering Heidi Faison Justin Hollenback Jonathan Buckalew

  2. Section 1: Earthquake Science

  3. What causes the Earth to shake?

  4. Earth Structure Understanding EARTH Structure: Why does the crust move? COLD!!! HOT!!! 25 miles deep

  5. Plate Tectonics Tanya Atwater, UCSB: http://emvc.geol.ucsb.edu/downloads.php

  6. Where Do Earthquakes Occur? Eurasia Plate America Plate Pacific Plate Africa Plate Australia Plate Antarctic Plate Earthquake Epicenter

  7. Plate Motion Occurs at Plate Boundaries called: FAULTS • http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/states/seismicity/images/us_west.jpg Divergent Fault = Pulled Apart Convergent Fault = Pushed Together Transform Fault = Slide Past Each Other http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_photos/1906EQ/olema/m40A.html

  8. Measuring earthquakes • Seismograph • Seismogram

  9. Engineers Want to Know… • How far? (epicenter) • How big? (magnitude) • How long? (duration)

  10. Section 2: How Earthquakes Affect Buildings

  11. What Does an Engineer Do? Science vs Engineering Scientists explore for the sake of discovery Engineers apply science to benefit society http://goldenstate.files.wordpress.com http://spectrum.ieee.org

  12. What Civil Engineers Do… http://farm1.static.flickr.com http://content.answers.com http://www.fogcityjournal.com http://upload.wikimedia.org

  13. Earthquakes can Damage Structures Northridge Parking Structure Collapse

  14. Earthquakes can Damage Soil Niigata, Japan, June 16, 1964, Magnitude 7.4 Photo Credit: National Geophysical Data Center

  15. Section 3: Earthquake Engineering

  16. Material Properties • Strength • Ductile vs. Brittle

  17. Building Materials • Wood • Steel • Concrete (Reinforced vs. unreinforced) http://thetimberframe.files.wordpress.com/

  18. Designs that Implement Concepts • Braces • Strong Frames • Strong Walls • Base Isolation http://www.nees.lehigh.edu http://www.nees.lehigh.edu

  19. Your Be the Engineer!!! • Task: TO DESIGN & BUILD AN EARTHQUAKE SAFE STRUCTURE • MINIMUM 25 INCHES TALL • WORK TOGETHER AS A TEAM • Bring your buildings to the Field Station and we will test their earthquake stability.

  20. Additional Questions?

  21. Section 4: Earthquake Safety

  22. Earthquake Safety At Home • Secure Furniture • Secure Cabinets • Safe Meeting Place • Emergency Kit http://news.csumb.edu/site/Images/news/2009 http://www.tfd.metro.tokyo.jp/lfe/

  23. K’NEX buildings

  24. K’NEX braces

  25. K’NEX building: with X braces

  26. K’NEX building: diagonal bracing

  27. K’NEX building: mixed

  28. K’NEX buildings: Crazy?

  29. Earthquake Faults • Giant Cracks in the ground. • Ground on each side of crack rubs the other • Reverse, Normal, Strike Slip

  30. Earthquake Damage El Salvador Landslide, January 13, 2001 Magnitude 7.6 Photo Credit: USGS

  31. Earthquake Damage 1906 San Francisco Earthquake

  32. What happens when an earthquake wave hits a building? Second story First story Foundation

  33. What happens when an earthquake wave hits a building? The foundation moves The column bend

  34. What happens when an earthquake wave hits a building? The building catches up The floors accelerate

  35. What happens when an earthquake wave hits a building? The building overtakes the foundation

  36. What happens when an earthquake wave hits a building? The building sways

  37. What happens when an earthquake wave hits a building? Eventually, the swaying stops

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