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Definition of Computer Graphics

Definition of Computer Graphics. Computer aided synthesis of pictures from non-pictorial form Related fields. Image Processing. Visualization. CAM. Computer Vision. CAD. Computer Graphics Goals. Realism Interactivity Real-time image generation

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Definition of Computer Graphics

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  1. Definition of Computer Graphics • Computer aided synthesis of pictures from non-pictorial form • Related fields Image Processing Visualization CAM Computer Vision CAD

  2. Computer Graphics Goals • Realism • Interactivity • Real-time image generation • Sometimes these goals are mutually exclusive (more realism = more calculations = less possibility of real-time image creation)

  3. Distinctiveness of CG • Dynamic environment – real-time image support • Interactive environment for • The creator • The consumer • Simulation environment • Provides an environment for visualizing large quantities of data.

  4. Computer Graphics “Operations • Modeling • Coordinates of the ‘corners’ of objects • Primitives (2 & 3D geometric objects) • Equations that define the 2 & 3D shape of objects • Attributes (color, surface texture, etc.)

  5. Computer Graphics “Operations” • Storing (first in memory), then on disk • Manipulating • Change shape • Change position • Change characteristics • Rendering– create a picture by applying an algorithmic version of the physics of the real world to create the artificial image.

  6. Computer Graphics “Operations” • Viewing – display scene from various viewpoints

  7. Major application areas • Business graphics • Much of the profit of CG comes from this area • Low quality (and simple) bar charts, line graphs, pie charts, presentation graphics systems • Much effort spent on hardware development (overhead display panels, film recorders) & software (charting & presentation graphics) to support this area

  8. Major application areas • Computer-aided design & computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) • Virtual Plant design - http://www.cadsystems.com/archive/0003f03.html • 777 design – http://www.boeing.com/commercial/777family/background.html • Circuit design and layout - http://www.automationstudio.com/

  9. Major application areas • Data plotting & visualization • “see” the structure of massive data sets • Genomics - http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/~cozzi/2cb.html • Computer vision - http://www.ri.cmu.edu/project_lists/index.html

  10. Major application areas • Entertainment • Film makingToy Story, TRON, Star Wars, Twister, Perfect Storm, Jurassic Park III - http://cgw.pennnet.com/Articles/Article_Display.cfm?Section=Articles&Subsection=Display&ARTICLE_ID=108471 • Video Games - http://graphics.stanford.edu/ • Music Videos • Morphing – transform one object into another -http://www.cs.clemson.edu/~rmg/homepage.html

  11. Major application areas • Computer Art • Paintbrush programs • Graphics tablet (digitizer) • Stylus (brush shapes, sizes, colors) • http://cgw.pennnet.com/Articles/Article_Display.cfm?Section=Articles&Subsection=Display&ARTICLE_ID=108502

  12. Reasons for using of CG • User can take in more information • Tables versus graphs • Easy to make changes • Circuit design • Can simulate • Auto design • Flight simulators - http://berkelium.com/OpenGL/flight.html • Can do the impossible • Not obey the laws of physics • Captain Kirk and USS Enterprise travel through spiral interior of DNA molecule

  13. Why is CG hard? • Computationally expensive • Still developing new algorithms for realism • Regular objects easy • Surface of revolution • Surface texture • Toys vs people • Texture mapping

  14. Why so Hard, cont. • Imperfections • Reflectivity • Matt surfaces versus specular surfaces

  15. Why so hard continued • Motion • Model by hand – animators and key frames • Model by physical equations • Motion capture • http://cgw.pennnet.com/Articles/Article_Display.cfm?Section=Articles&Subsection=Display&ARTICLE_ID=108465 • Fur, Fire, Fern Fun • Dynamic systems - http://cgw.pennnet.com/Articles/Article_Display.cfm?Section=Articles&Subsection=Display&ARTICLE_ID=108473 • “grow” the processes – particle systems, etc

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