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Grids, Coordinates, Ordered Number Pairs What They Are and How They Work

Grids, Coordinates, Ordered Number Pairs What They Are and How They Work. Coordinates. Coordinates are “ordered pairs” of numbers that we can use to help us find things and go places. They are called ordered because they always come in the same order.

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Grids, Coordinates, Ordered Number Pairs What They Are and How They Work

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  1. Grids, Coordinates, Ordered Number PairsWhat They Are and How They Work

  2. Coordinates Coordinates are “ordered pairs” of numbers that we can use to help us find things and go places. They are called ordered because they always come in the same order. They look like this:(2,9) or (-3, 12) or (10, -14) We can use coordinates to find things, a place on earth or on a map, to figure out how to get from one point to another, and to give us direction.

  3. So how do the two numbers help me find anything? By themselves they don’t. For them to work, you need a “grid.” OK, so what’s a grid?

  4. This is a grid.

  5. So is this We will talk about this type of grid later when we learn about Graphs.

  6. Lets look at the first grid type we saw.

  7. 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 And if you add numbers to the grid,it looks like this.

  8. Before we can understand why number on a grid are so important, we need to learn somenomenclature. 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14

  9. 14 13 12 11 10 This is X axis. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 -1 -2 -3 The point where the two lines cross is (0,0). -4 -5 -6 This is the Y axis. -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 The two lines that make the grid have names. They are called the Axis. X Y

  10. 14 13 Notice that some of the numbers are positive numbers -- 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 and some of the numbers are negative numbers. -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 Pay close attention

  11. 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 Now lets put a box around the grid. +

  12. 14 13 12 11 10 NO point has the same coordinates as any other point! 9 + 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 R -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 f -12 -13 -14

  13. So? What does this mean? It means that if you know the coordinates of a point on the grid you can find it quickly and easily! How?

  14. Like this: suppose you are given (7,5) (14,-3) and (-4,-8)all you need to remember is that you find the first number along the X axis (remember that is the side-to-side axis) and the second number on the Y (up-down) axis.Let’s try it.

  15. 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 The secret of using a grid is to start at the (0,0) point Next move left or right on the X axis until you find the first number in your coordinate pair. Then move up or down on the Y axis until you locate the second number.

  16. 14 13 12 Then find 5 on the Y. 11 10 9 8 7 6 First find 7 on the X axis 5 4 3 2 1 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 Using our first coordinates(7,5) Then connect the dots. (7,5)

  17. 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 Using our second pair of coordinates(14,-3) First find 14 on the X axis (14,-3) Then find -3 on the Y. Then connect the dots.

  18. 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 Using our last set of coordinates(-4,-8) Bingo! Now you’ve got it! Got what? I still don’t get how this helps me find anything. First find -4 on the X axis Then find –8 on the Y. Then connect the dots. (-4,-8)

  19. So what does this have to do with GEOGRAPHY?

  20. 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 Washington, D.C. 3 2 1 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 What if I do this! You

  21. Do you see the grid?

  22. Typical Graph • This is an example of a typical graph we are all familiar with. • The graph is made up of different “points” with lines that connect the points.

  23. X value is always stated first • Followed by the Y value • The “origin” is the point wherethe 2 axes intersect with a value of (0,0) Typical Graph Y (3,8) (9,5) X (0,0)

  24. The confusion comes when we extend the lines on the X and Y axis around a sphere and call them Longitude and Latitude.

  25. Longitude Lines go through the poles.

  26. Longitude and Latitude Which is which?

  27. Notice that these lines are the hash marks on the X axis X Axis

  28. Notice that these lines are the hash marks on the X axis X Axis

  29. Notice that these lines are the hash marks on the X axis 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 X -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14

  30. Latitude lines go around the earth like a belt. Y axis

  31. Latitude lines go around the earth like a belt. Y axis

  32. How to remember which is which. Think of Laddertude

  33. On a ladder you go up the rungs. Same with latitude.

  34. See, Laddertude

  35. The zero degrees mark of latitude is the Equator, and the zero degrees mark of longitude is the Prime Meridian 0º, 0º

  36. East West, North South on the Earth • Let each of the four quarters then be designated by North or South and East or West. N W E S

  37. If you think about it for a minute, you will see that the equator divides the earth into halves. A northern half, and a southern half. And that Prime Meridian creates East and West halves.

  38. These two important lines divide the earth into Hemi (which means ½ ) spheres.

  39. Here is another image of the Hemispheres

  40. This makes it possible to think of the earth like this: • The N tells us we’re north of the Equator. The S tells us we’re south of the Equator. • The E tells us that we’re east of the Prime Meridian. The W tells us that we’re west of the Prime Meridian. (N, W) (N, E) (S, W) (S, E)

  41. Two other important lines on earth. The Tropics.

  42. Tropic Lines

  43. How are longitude and latitude coordinates written and what do they mean?

  44. Longitude and latitude are measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds and look like this. The location of Lanier on Earth is: 29º 44 30.14 N 95º 29 18.40 W

  45. We have learned that 0º of Latitude is the Equator and 0º Longitude is the Prime Meridian • So we know that both latitude and longitude are measured in degrees. • But how do you measure between degrees?

  46. Each DEGREE is divided into MINUTES. There are 60 MINUTES in each DEGREE.

  47. Each MINUTE is divided into SECONDS. There are 60 SECONDS in each MINUTE.

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