SOUTHEAST REGION ADTSEA SPRING CONFERENCE MYRTLE BEACH, 2006

1. SOUTHEAST REGION… ADTSEA SPRING CONFERENCE MYRTLE BEACH, 2006 Student Objectives: In this lesson the student will: .. recognize and describe three visual awareness fields that allow a driver to get information. .. explain the difference between developing visual skills and mental awareness. .. recognize how the brain interprets visual information. .. relate mental awareness to the language of driving (signs, symbols, and markings). .. relate sign shapes, roadway markings, and symbols to driver information needs. .. relate central space area to visual and mental awareness. .. define visual sightlines. .. set side view mirrors to Blindzone-Glare Elimination settings. Student Objectives: In this lesson the student will: .. recognize and describe three visual awareness fields that allow a driver to get information. .. explain the difference between developing visual skills and mental awareness. .. recognize how the brain interprets visual information. .. relate mental awareness to the language of driving (signs, symbols, and markings). .. relate sign shapes, roadway markings, and symbols to driver information needs. .. relate central space area to visual and mental awareness. .. define visual sightlines. .. set side view mirrors to Blindzone-Glare Elimination settings.

2. Vision and Mental Awareness Seeing/Searching Techniques Mental Awareness and Perception In-car Habits The instructor should explain the difference between developing seeing techniques and developing mental awareness and perception. Seeing Techniques… How the driver develops searching techniques to pick up appropriate information for the brain to process. For instance, the driver must learn how to target his/her focus vision on the travelpath in order to keep the vehicle in the travelpath. If the drivers moves the eyes too much, the brain tries to adjust the steering to the information picked up by the eyes. Moving the eyes rapidly from side to side will make a new driver make too many steering reversals…causing them to drift in lane. How the driver learns to first develop a visual travelpath, then divide the focus between the travelpath and other needs (speed, controls, signs, other vehicles, etc.) is critical to developing good driving habits. Perceiving Techniques.. Mental awareness and perception is how a driver processes the information and turns the information into a need for speed or position adjustment. A driver can misinterpret information creating a high-risk decision involving an uncontrolled speed or position maneuver. In-Car Habits… How we learn to use our vision effects how the driver changes speed and therefore how a vehicle is steered. Ineffective development of visual skills leads to greater risk-taking and poor in-car driving habits.The instructor should explain the difference between developing seeing techniques and developing mental awareness and perception. Seeing Techniques… How the driver develops searching techniques to pick up appropriate information for the brain to process. For instance, the driver must learn how to target his/her focus vision on the travelpath in order to keep the vehicle in the travelpath. If the drivers moves the eyes too much, the brain tries to adjust the steering to the information picked up by the eyes. Moving the eyes rapidly from side to side will make a new driver make too many steering reversals…causing them to drift in lane. How the driver learns to first develop a visual travelpath, then divide the focus between the travelpath and other needs (speed, controls, signs, other vehicles, etc.) is critical to developing good driving habits. Perceiving Techniques.. Mental awareness and perception is how a driver processes the information and turns the information into a need for speed or position adjustment. A driver can misinterpret information creating a high-risk decision involving an uncontrolled speed or position maneuver. In-Car Habits… How we learn to use our vision effects how the driver changes speed and therefore how a vehicle is steered. Ineffective development of visual skills leads to greater risk-taking and poor in-car driving habits.

3. Driving is Unique Mental Task Consider this… Driving is one of a very few tasks that the person can not see where they are located… If a driver tries to figure out where they are on the roadway… they will be someplace different by the time they can make a speed or position adjustment. Therefore, a driver can not drive in the present, so he/she needs to use information from the future or past to operate the vehicle.

4. Effects of Misperceptions The instructor would use this jpeg file to illustrate how mental awareness and perception is different from what our eyes pick up in a series of events. Watch how the driver of the second vehicle reacts to what he thinks he sees rather than what the information that is picked up by the eyes. Mental awareness and perception is more critical than what is actually occurring in a situation as we react to what we think we see more than what is actually occurring on the roadway. The instructor would use this jpeg file to illustrate how mental awareness and perception is different from what our eyes pick up in a series of events. Watch how the driver of the second vehicle reacts to what he thinks he sees rather than what the information that is picked up by the eyes. Mental awareness and perception is more critical than what is actually occurring in a situation as we react to what we think we see more than what is actually occurring on the roadway.

5. Brain Gains Information from: Instructor should relate how the brain gathers visual information when driving an automobile… Focus Vision…. In normal instances, the two eyes focus in on letters or details that provide information that we can see with a three to six degree area with our sharpest detail. The driver can move the focus vision around within the visual area making it field independent. This means that we can move this part of our vision without shifting our eyes or moving our head to get a new visual view. This part of our visions allows the driver to see roadway signs, signals, and markings. It also is critical to view the intended travelpath of the vehicle. Instructor should relate how the brain gathers visual information when driving an automobile… Focus Vision…. In normal instances, the two eyes focus in on letters or details that provide information that we can see with a three to six degree area with our sharpest detail. The driver can move the focus vision around within the visual area making it field independent. This means that we can move this part of our vision without shifting our eyes or moving our head to get a new visual view. This part of our visions allows the driver to see roadway signs, signals, and markings. It also is critical to view the intended travelpath of the vehicle.

6. Mental and Perceptual Awareness Input-Process-Output (S)IPDE Process Time Relevant Based on past experience and knowledge base The instructor should relate perceptual process to the manner in which the brain functionsThe instructor should relate perceptual process to the manner in which the brain functions

7. Developing Visual Skills… Searching Skills (Search, Identify Process) Smith System- Aiming High , Eyes Moving, Getting Big Picture Perceptual Driving System- Scan, Path of Travel, Space Cushion Zone Control System- Look for LOS/POT Restrictions SEE System- Search for Open LOS/POT

8. Developing Awareness Skills… Evaluate (Predict Process) Smith- Big Picture, A Way Out of Situation Perceptual- 2 sec/4 sec/12 sec, hazard criticality Zone Control- changing or closed zones SEE- Evaluate space for speed or position adjustments

9. Developing Awareness Skills… Evaluate (Decide Process) Smith- Leave Yourself an Out Perceptual- minimize, separate, compromise Zone Control- check for open space SEE- Evaluate space for speed or position adjustments

10. Responding to Problems… Execute a response (Execute Process) Smith- Make Sure Others See You Perceptual- communicate, speed, or position change Zone Control- communicate, speed, or position change SEE- communication, speed, or position change

11. Vision and Perception Following Interval Smith- 1 car for 10mph ( now 2-3 seconds) Perceptual- 2 sec minimum, 3 or more seconds based on conditions Zone Control- gaining 4 seconds minimum or more based on conditions SEE- use a 4 second minimum and adjust for weather conditions National Safety Council- use 3 second minimum plus I sec for each mitigating factor

12. Perception Being Perceptive is a Learned Process Perceiving Problems Takes Time Managing Visual Inputs Is Critical Managing Time and Space is Primary Decision Tool

13. Language Example Saville, Der Dago Tousin busis inaro Nocho, Demis troux Summit cowsin Summit doux Say Villie, der day go Say Wiilie, there they go A tousin buses in a row A thousand buses in a row No Choe, dem is trucks No Joe, them is trucks Some mit cows in Some with cows in Some mit ducks Some with ducks Notice that you can now read this after LEARNING WHAT TO LOOK FOR in the language scheme.. Say Villie, der day go Say Wiilie, there they go A tousin buses in a row A thousand buses in a row No Choe, dem is trucks No Joe, them is trucks Some mit cows in Some with cows in Some mit ducks Some with ducks Notice that you can now read this after LEARNING WHAT TO LOOK FOR in the language scheme..

14. Language Example Aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at an Elingsh Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoetnt tihng is taht frist and lsat ltteer is at the rghit pclae. The rset can be a toatl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae we do not raed ervey lteter by it slef but the wrod as a wlohe.

15. Language of Driving

16. Language of Driving

17. Read This!

18. Read This! What did it say? Did you see... Buckle Up For For Safety Why?

19. Focal Vision at Work

20. Useful Field of View

21. Mental Awareness

22. Your Brain Sees?

23. Your Brain Sees?

24. Mental Awareness

25. What Did You See?

26. Visual Imagery Fools Brain Perception

27. Visual Imagery Fools Brain Perception The old woman’s nose is the young girl’s chin…The old woman’s nose is the young girl’s chin…

28. Visual Imagery Fools Brain Perception

29. Vision and Mental Awareness Central Space Area True Blind Spot Sightline Limitations

30. Vision and Mental Awareness Rear and Side View Mirrors Mirror Blind Spot Sightline Limitations

31. Blindzone-Glare Elimination (BGE) Mirror Method Move Side View Mirrors Move Side Mirrors 15 degrees to outside Head against left side window Head in center of car

32. BGE Mirror Settings

33. SOUTHEAST REGION… ADTSEA SPRING CONFERENCE MYRTLE BEACH, 2006 Student Objectives: In this lesson the student will: .. recognize and describe three visual awareness fields that allow a driver to get information. .. explain the difference between developing visual skills and mental awareness. .. recognize how the brain interprets visual information. .. relate mental awareness to the language of driving (signs, symbols, and markings). .. relate sign shapes, roadway markings, and symbols to driver information needs. .. relate central space area to visual and mental awareness. .. define visual sightlines. .. set side view mirrors to Blindzone-Glare Elimination settings. Student Objectives: In this lesson the student will: .. recognize and describe three visual awareness fields that allow a driver to get information. .. explain the difference between developing visual skills and mental awareness. .. recognize how the brain interprets visual information. .. relate mental awareness to the language of driving (signs, symbols, and markings). .. relate sign shapes, roadway markings, and symbols to driver information needs. .. relate central space area to visual and mental awareness. .. define visual sightlines. .. set side view mirrors to Blindzone-Glare Elimination settings.