Types of Reproduction Asexual Vs Sexual

1. Types of ReproductionAsexual Vs Sexual https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3bMgfAiVmnA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fcGDUcGjcyk

2. Types of ReproductionAsexual Asexual reproduction occurs when a new organism is produced from one parent. The genetic material of the new organism is identical to the genetic material of the parent. So the offspring and the parent have all of the same traits. Organisms that are smaller and less complex are more likely to reproduce asexually. Single-celled organisms like bacteria and protists reproduce asexually. Many plants and fungi can reproduce asexually as well. A few animals can reproduce asexually.

3. Budding Three types of asexual reproduction are budding, regeneration (Fragmentation), and fission. Buddingis the process when a new organism begins to form on the side of the parent and eventually breaks off. Budding is most common in plants and fungi. Hydra are part of the animal kingdom. Hydra reproduce by budding. You can see the new little hydra growing off the side of the larger, parent hydra. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCpWB8AtZzc

4. Types of ReproductionRegeneration (Fragmentation) Regeneration (Fragmentation) is the ability to restore lost or damaged tissues, organs, or limbs. It is most common in animals that do not have a backbone like worms and starfish. Sometimes, if an organism loses a limb or if the organism is split into two parts, both parts will regenerate the missing pieces, creating two organisms from one.

5. Examples of Fragmentation / Regeneration https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uUw4NJmAUNI

6. Types of ReproductionBinary Fission Binary fission occurs when a single celled organism splits into two cells. Bacteria and protists reproduce by binary fission. First the parent cell makes a copy of its genetic material (the green, squiggly circle), then the cell membrane pinches in and two new daughter cells split apart. Because the cell copied its genetic material, the two cells have the same traits.

7. Types of ReproductionSexual Sexual Reproduction requires two parents. Male (♂) and female (♀) to create an offspring (Baby). the offspring will have genetic material from both parents. This is called genetic variation. Sexual reproduction allows new individuals to have genetic variation because they get a mix of traits from two parents.

8. Types of ReproductionPollination https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6CxCTyxRFh0 Pollination is a form of sexual reproduction. Pollination occurs in plants. Pollen is taken from the male parts of one plant and delivered to the female parts of another plant, usually by an insect. The pollen then travels inside the flower and fertilizes an egg. The egg will grow into a seed which can become a new plant. Pollination also allows for genetic variation because the traits from two plants are mixed.

9. Types of ReproductionSexual vs. Asexual Take a look at the table below. It summarizes the important differences between sexual and asexual reproduction.

10. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hywRdDVR76A https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MQdXjRPHmQ DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXdzuz5Q-hs

12. DNA D.N.A. - Deoxyribonucleic Acid Molecule made of: 1. Deoxy Sugar 2. Combination of four nitrogen bases Either: a. Guanine b. Cytosine c. Thymine d. Adenine https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwibgNGe4aY The sum total of combinations that these four bases are capable of creating are greater than all the stars visible in the night time sky

13. Nitrogen bases pair up • Cytosine & Guanine • Thymine & Adenine • Pairing creates a ladder shape • Angle of bonds creates a twist Ladder and Twist produces the famous “Double Helix”

14. DNA is found in all living cells • controls all functions inside a cell • It stores all the genetic information for an entire living organism • Single cell like an amoeba • Multi cell like a human

15. DNA Nucleus Cell • DNA resides in all cells • Inside the nucleus • Each strand forms a chromosome DNA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T5gEIViVAPw

16. Genetics Small sections of DNA are responsible for a “trait”. These small sections are called “Genes”. • Gene - A segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait • Trait - A characteristic an organism can pass on to it’s offspring through DNA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MQdXjRPHmQ Gene

18. What is a Chromosome? • Chromosome is the highly condensed form of DNA • Wrapped into nucleosomes • Wrapped into chromatin fiber • Humans have 22 autosomal pairs • And one pair of sex chromosomes (Determines male or female)

19. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IePMXxQ-KWY • Chromosomes are very small. • Here is what they look like when you see them through a microscope. Chromosome smear

20. Human Chromosome Complex of DNA and protein is called chromatin 44 homologous chromosomes and 2 sex chromosomes Complementary DNA with different Dyes The arrangement of the full chromosome set is called karyotype

22. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a5yzRRvROpE Inheritance

23. What is Heredity? • Heredity = the passing on of traits from one generation to the next.

24. What is a Trait? Trait is a specific characteristic that is unique. Traits affect the way we look Traits affect how our bodies function Traits are inherited • Examples are hair color, eye color, handedness, etc.

25. Dominant Trait A dominant trait is a trait that is alwaysexpressed, or shown.(Common in the community ) • Examples are brown hair, brown eyes, right handed

26. Recessive Trait Arecessive trait is a trait that is covered up or seems to disappear. (Uncommon in the community ) • Examples are blonde hair, blue eyes, left handed

27. Where Do Traits Come From? Factors that make up an individual come from both parents. The trait information is passed on from generation to generation in the form of genes.

28. Where Do Genes Come From? • An individual needs 2 genes for each trait – one gene from each parent. • This gene pair is called an allele. • One gene comes from the Father • One gene comes from the Mother

29. How Do Genes Get Their Information? A chromosome is a structure in the cell that contains the genetic information. • This information is passed on from one generation to the next generation.

31. https://www.flocabulary.com/unit/inherited-acquired-traits/ https://www.flocabulary.com/unit/genes-and-heredity/ End

32. Selective Breeding │ Natural Selection Process by which organisms that are best suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully. Method of breeding that allows only those organisms with desired characteristics to produce the next generation.

33. Natural Selection Individuals in a species show a wide range of variation because of differences in their genes Genes that allow individuals to survive are then passed on to their offspring) Individuals poorly adapted are less likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on their genes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s64Y8sVYfFY

34. Galapagos Islands • 1850’s: Charles Darwin described how organisms might change over time. • 5 years of observations on the islands.

35. Galapagos Finches

36. Selective Breeding Human Influence on characteristics and behavior. Domestic Animals Ex: Chickens, Dogs, Cows, Horses Plants: Ex: Corn, Wheat, Fruit hybrids https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPDPTm7NgUE

37. These are the steps in selective breeding: • Decide which characteristics are important • Choose parents that show these characteristics • Select the best offspring from parents to breed the next generation • Repeat the process continuously

40. Hybrid Fruits a peach/apricot/plum hybrid. The mellow-tasting fruit has the texture of a peach, but tastes like a blend of plum and apricot. Nectarcots Pluots Peacotums