1 / 50

Geography of Religion

Geography of Religion. AP Human Geography Copeland. Geography of Religion. What is Religion? Major Religions & Divisions Religious Landscapes Religious Conflict and Interaction. Religion. http:// www.cnn.com/video /#/video/living/2011/07/29/language.of.christianity.cnn?iref=videosearch.

gage-pace
Download Presentation

Geography of Religion

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Geography of Religion AP Human Geography Copeland

  2. Geography of Religion What is Religion? Major Religions & Divisions Religious Landscapes Religious Conflict and Interaction

  3. Religion http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/living/2011/07/29/language.of.christianity.cnn?iref=videosearch • A set of beliefs • an explanation of the origins and purpose of humans and their role on earth • existence of a higher power, spirits or god • Which involves rituals, festivals, rites of passage and space (religious landscapes)

  4. Key Terms • Universalizing Religion: attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular location • Proselytize: to try to convert people to one’s belief or opinion • “Missions is not the ultimate goal of the church. Worship is. Missions exists because worship doesn't.” ― John Piper • Soteriology-is the study of religious doctrines of salvation, which are a feature of various religions • Syncretic: Traditions that borrow from both the past and the present

  5. Key Terms Secularization - a process that is leading to increasingly large groups of people who claim no allegiance to any church or denomination. • Some of these people are atheists. Others simply do not practice. Still others call themselves spiritual, but not religious. • Common in Europe and the larger cities of the U.S. • Common in former Soviet Union and China. • A movement in American churches…to secularize church. Any thoughts?

  6. Key Terms • Ethnic Religions: concentrated spatial distribution whose principles are likely based on physical characteristics of a particular location.

  7. Key Terms Fundamentalism - a process that is leading to increasingly large groups of people who claim there is only one way to interpret worship. • Fundamentalists generally envision a return to a more perfect religion and ethics they imagine existed in the past. • Common in the U.S. and in some Islamic nations.

  8. Key Terms • Monotheism: existence of only one God. • Polytheism: existence of many gods. • Cosmogony: A set of religious beliefs concerning the origin of the universe.

  9. Religious Divisions Branch: A large and fundamental division within a religion. (Catholicism vs. Protestantism) Denomination: A division within a branch of a religion. (Baptist, Methodist, Lutheran-Protestant Denominations) Sect: A relatively small denominational group that has broken away from an established church. (William Jeffs-FLDS) http://www.cnn.com/video/?/video/bestoftv/2011/07/26/exp.ac.watkiss.warren.jeffs.flds.cnn#/video/bestoftv/2011/07/26/exp.ac.watkiss.warren.jeffs.flds.cnn

  10. Major World Religions • Universalizing Religions • Christianity • Islam • Buddhism • Characteristics: Traced to actions and teaching of a man, diffused from specific hearths by followers / missionaries

  11. Major World Religions • Ethnic Religions • Hinduism • Judaism • all Animistic Religions • Characteristics: No specific founder, limited diffusion / no missionaries

  12. http://www.religioustolerance.org/worldrel.htm

  13. Ethnic Religions

  14. The Roots of Religion • Animism (Shamanism) - the belief that all objects, animals, and beings are “animated” or possess a spirit and a conscious life. Also called shamanism because of the prominence of a Shaman. • Such beliefs are common among hunter-gatherers and folk cultures. • 10% of Africans follow such traditional ethnic religions. • These beliefs are losing ground to Christianity and Islam throughout Africa. Nigerian Shaman

  15. Hinduism • Origin & Diffusion - unknown • Hearth: Indus River Valley in present-day Pakistan 2200-4000 BCE • Collection of scriptures 1500BCE – 500BC • Vedas, Upanishads, Sutras, BhagavadGita • Over 800 million followers • Almost exclusive to India, Nepal, • and Sri Lanka • Sacred Spaces • Ganges River

  16. Hinduism • Monistic: One god, many forms • Brahman: Vishnu (preserver), Shiva (destroyer), Shakti (mother god) • Main Beliefs • Karma- deeds have corresponding effects on the future • dharma - fulfill moral, social and religious duties • artha - attain financial and worldy success • kama - satisfy desires and drives in moderation • moksha - attain freedom from reincarnation

  17. Judaism • Origin and Diffusion • 2000 BCE – Abraham formed covenant with God as patriarch of Israelites • Moses led people out of Egypt • Diaspora: In 70 A.D., Romans forced Jews to disperse throughout the world. • Ghetto: During the Middle Ages, a neighborhood in a city set up by law to be inhabited only by Jews.

  18. Judaism • Sacred Places • Synagogues • Jerusalem • Divisions • Orthodox, Reform • Current Diffusion • 13-14 million worldwide • Israel, United States, Canada, South Africa, Australia

  19. Judaism • Basic Precepts • Belief in One God • Torah - original 5 chapters of Christian Bible (Old Testament) • Coming of the Messiah still to come • Atonement accomplished by sacrifices, penitence & good deeds • Differing opinions on afterlife

  20. Ethnic Asian Religions • Taoism – The Path or Way • Founder: Lao Tze • 500 BCE • 20 million followers, mainly in China • Sacred Text: Tao Te Ching • philosophy of harmony & balance: Tao • After life: change from being to non-being

  21. Ethnic Asian Religions • Confucianism • 6-5th century BCE • moral code taught by Confucius • Humanity and striving for perfection • 5-6 million adherents, most refer to themselves as having more than one faith • Most influential in China

  22. Ethnic Asian Religions • Shintoism • Japanese traditional religion • No founder or origin known • 3-4 million followers • Beliefs • Worship and offerings to kami at shrines and at home • Simple and harmonious life with nature and people • Many practices tied with Buddhism

  23. Ethnic Asian Religions • Jainism • 550 BCE • Founder: Mahavira • Indian traditional religion • 4 million followers • Basic Principles: • Reincarnation to attain perfection and liberation • Non-violence-cause no harm to any being

  24. Universalizing Religions

  25. Christianity • Origin and Diffusion • Palestine (modern Israel) • Universalizing Religion • What are the 3 branches? • Branches • Roman Catholic • Protestant • Eastern Orthodox

  26. Christianity • Origin and Diffusion • Messiah: Jesus • Universalizing Religion • Spread by missionaries (Paul, Peter)

  27. Christianity • Basic Precepts • Belief in One God • Father, Son & Holy Spirit • Covenant (contract) with God • New Testament - salvation to those who believe in Jesus Christ and his teachings • Salvation is by grace or belief not works • Believers to heaven with everlasting life • Conversion of others (proselytize)

  28. Christianity • Basic Precepts • Founded in 30 CE (Jesus baptized by John the Baptist), Palestine • Bible-Old and New Testament • 2 billion followers – largest faith • Europe • North and South America

  29. Christianity • Catholicism - largest branch • Headed by the Pope • Ceremonial - 7 sacraments • ex: baptism, marriage, Eucharist • Eastern Orthodoxy - 11th Century split-Great Schism • Rivalry between Pope and Patriarch of Constantinople (Istanbul) • Russian, Greek, Serbian Orthodox, etc. • Protestantism - (1517) Reformation era (Luther-Germany, 95 Thesis/ Calvin, France-sovereignty of God) • No Pope needed • individual has direct link to God • Grace through faith rather than sacraments

  30. Islam • Origin and Diffusion • Mecca, Saudi Arabia • 633 CE • Founder-Muhammad • 1.3 Billion followers • Branches • Sunni (majority)-Middle East and North Africa • Shiite-Iran, Iraq, Bahrain

  31. Islam • Basic Precepts • Submission to the will of God (Allah) • Lineage - Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, & Mohammed (different lineage) • Holy Book - Quran - built on Old Testament

  32. Islam • 5 Pillars of Faith • Shahada: Creed “There is no God but Allah” • Salat: Prayer 5 times a day facing Mecca • Zakat: Giving to the poor • Sawm: Fasting during month of Ramadan • Hajj: Pilgrimage to Mecca

  33. Buddhism • Origin and Diffusion • Founder: Siddhartha Gautama • 520 BCE • Hearth: present day Nepal • 360 million followers • Branches • Theravada-(Orthodox) Burma, Sri Lanka, Laos • Mahayana-(all living creatures could become a Buddha) China, Korea, Vietnam, Japan (Zen) • Vajrayana/Tantra(Tibetan-Lamaism)

  34. His Holiness the 14th Dali Lama

  35. Buddhism • Basic Precepts • Buddha - the enlightened one • Nirvana - highest degree of consciousness • 4 noble truths • All of life is marked by suffering. • Suffering is caused by desire and attachment. • Suffering can be eliminated. • Suffering is eliminated by following the Noble Eightfold Path.

  36. Buddhism • Basic Precepts • 8 Fold Path 1. Right beliefs2. Right aspirations3. Right speech4. Right conduct5. Right livelihood6. Right effort7. Right mindfulness8. Right meditational attainment

  37. Buddhism • Basic Precepts • Individuals choose the “Middle Path” • Buddhist believe: • not in any God, blind faith, or savior • what is created is impermanent • True Permanent Absolute Reality • uncreated, unborn, permanent bliss of Nirvana

More Related