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E mancipation

E mancipation. Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation, which led to the 13 th Amendment, freeing enslaved Americans The emancipation proclaimed that all enslaved people in the states controlled b the Confederacy were free.

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E mancipation

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  1. Emancipation • Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation, which led to the 13th Amendment, freeing enslaved Americans • The emancipation proclaimed that all enslaved people in the states controlled b the Confederacy were free. • “If I could save the Union w/o freeing any slave, I would do it; If I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also do that. What I do about slavery,… I do because it helps to save the Union.” -Letter to Horace Greeley, Newspaper Publisher Aug. 1862.

  2. Shift in Public Opinion • If Lincoln could free the slaves, it would help the North to win the war-Slaves in Confederate states were put to work helping the south win (Growing food, digging trenches). • 5 days after Antietam, Sept. 22, 1862, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. • Signed into law Jan 1, 1863 • “All persons held as slaves within any state…in rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.”

  3. Effects of the Proclamation • Britain and France withheld their support for recognition for the Confederacy • The 13th Amendment was passed and this is what truly freed the slaves in America. • African Americans join the war effort • 1862-Congress passed a law allowing African Americans to serve in the US Army. • 15% of Navy and 10% of Army- • 200,000 served and 37,000 lost their lives

  4. 54th Massachusetts • All Black regiment led by a white abolitionist-Robert Shaw • Fort Wagner-50% casualty rate

  5. Women in the War • Harriet Tubman-underground railroad/spy • Belle Boyd-spy for the South • Rose O’Neal Greenhow-spy for the South • Loretta Janeta Velazquez-Fought at Bull Run and Shiloh • Dorothea Dix-work with prisoners and disabled • Clara Barton-Nursing-American Red Cross • Sally Tompkins-hospital in South

  6. Opposition to the War • The Copperheads-Because they’d bite you just like the poisonous snake • Copperheads are Peace Democrats. Spoke up whenever the Union lost a battle • Lincoln suspends the right of Habeas Corpus (rights to a trial) • Draft laws-could hire a substitute or pay $300.00 • Draft riots in NYC-Killed 100 people

  7. The Tide of War Turns • Winter of 1862-1863 saw gloom in the North and hope in the South • Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia seemed unbeatable • Lee’s Strategy against weak Union Generals • Lee wins at Fredericksburg VA-huge losses by the North. Lee wins at Chancellorsville VA. • Big losses on both sides but Lee loses his most trusted General-Stonewall Jackson

  8. The Battle of Gettysburg • If Lee could win on northern soil, maybe Britain and France would recognize and aid the Confederacy • July 1, 2, and 3, 1863 • Union stumble across Rebels looking for shoes • Cemetery Ridge • Little Roundtop • Picketts Charge-The Union wins and the South has reached its “high water mark” • Win in Vicksburg, Miss. By General Grant-Union now holds all of Mississippi River

  9. Lincoln’s Gettysburg Speech

  10. Final Phases of War • War would go another 2 years • The Anaconda Plan-Block the South • Sherman’s March to the Sea-Total War-50 miles wide-captured Savannah Georgia • Sherman’s Bowties, destruction and salting the fields • Lincoln wins election 1864 because of huge wins in the South • Second Inaugural Address-”With Malice towards none” • Richmond falls-Lee withdraws and burns the town as they leave • Appomattox Courthouse April 9, 1865. Lee surrenders to Grant

  11. Aftermath Continued • Lincoln shot at Ford’s Theater by John Wilkes Booth, April 14, 1865 “Black Friday”. He dies the next morning • 620,000 Deaths • Most devastation in South-Railroads, bridges, cities in complete ruin

  12. Reconstruction • Reconstruction-Time to build the South and test the freedoms given to slaves • The Freedman’s Bureau-Created by Congress to help slaves adjust to freedom • Before entering back into the Union, a state had to denounce secession and end slavery. States also had to ratify the 13th Amendment • Southern riots by whites to intimidate new free African Americans

  13. Black Codes • Black Codes were laws passed to limit freedoms of blacks in South-”Slavery in disguise” • Blacks could not own or rent farms • Radical Republicans took charge and challenged Johnson’s authority • 14th Amendment passed in 1866 to grant full citizenship to African Americans

  14. Radical Reconstruction

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