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Chapter Presentation

Resources. Bellringers. Chapter Presentation. Transparencies. Standardized Test Prep. Visual Concepts. Image and Math Focus Bank. Section 1 Electric Charge and Static Electricity. Chapter 17. Law of Electric Charge.

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Chapter Presentation

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  1. Resources Bellringers Chapter Presentation Transparencies Standardized Test Prep Visual Concepts Image and Math Focus Bank

  2. Section1 Electric Charge and Static Electricity Chapter 17 Law of Electric Charge • Charges Exert ForceAtoms are composed of particles with electric charge. The law of electric charges states that like charges repel and opposite charges attract.

  3. Section1 Electric Charge and Static Electricity Chapter 17

  4. Section1 Electric Charge and Static Electricity Chapter 17 Charge It! • FrictionCharging by friction happens when electrons are “wiped” from one object onto another. • ConductionCharging by conduction happens when electrons move from one object to another by direct contact. • InductionCharging by induction happens when charges in an uncharged metal object are rearranged without direct contact with a charged object.

  5. Section1 Electric Charge and Static Electricity Chapter 17 Charge It!, continued

  6. Section1 Electric Charge and Static Electricity Chapter 17 Charging by Contact Click below to watch the Visual Concept. You may stop the video at any time by pressing the Esc key. Visual Concept

  7. Section1 Electric Charge and Static Electricity Chapter 17 Static Electricity • Static electricityis the electric charge at rest on an object. • Electric Discharge static electricity as charges move off an object. Ex: Include touching a doorknob after walking on carpet. One of the most dramatic examples of electric discharge is lightning.

  8. Section1 Electric Charge and Static Electricity Chapter 17

  9. Section2 Electric Current and Electrical Energy Chapter 17 Electric Current • The rate at which charges pass through a given point. Measured amperes, or amps(A) Voltage • The amount of energy released as a charge moves between two points in the path of a current. Measured in Volts (V)

  10. Section2 Electric Current and Electrical Energy Chapter 17 Voltage, continued • Voltage and Electric CurrentAs long as there is a voltage between two points on a wire, charges will flow in the wire. The size of the current depends on the voltage. • Varying Nature of VoltageDifferent devices need different levels of voltage.

  11. Section2 Electric Current and Electrical Energy Chapter 17 Resistance • Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electric charge. • Resistance and MaterialGood conductors, such as copper, have low resistance. Poor conductors, such as iron, have higher resistance.

  12. Section2 Electric Current and Electrical Energy Chapter 17 Generating Electrical Energy, continued • ThermocouplesThermal energy can be converted into electrical energy by a thermocouple. • PhotocellsA photocell converts light energy into electrical energy.

  13. V R , or V I R = =  I Chapter 17 Section3 Electrical Calculations Connecting Current, Voltage, and Resistance • Georg Ohm (1789 –1854) studied the resistances of materials. He measured the current that resulted from different voltages applied to a piece of metal wire. • Ohm’s LawOhm found that the ratio of voltage to current is a constant for each material. This ratio is the resistance of the material. †

  14. Chapter 17 Section3 Electrical Calculations Electric Power • What Is Electric Power? The rate at which electrical energy is changed into other forms of energy is electric power. Electric power is calculated using the following equation: power  voltage  current, or P  V  I • Watt: The Unit of PowerThe unit for power is the watt (W). Another common unit of power is the kilowatt (kW). One kilowatt is equal to 1,000 W.

  15. Chapter 17 Section3 Electrical Calculations Electric Power, continued • Power Ratings When you read the wattage label on a light bulb, you are reading the bulb’s power rating. The power rating describes the rate at which an electric device uses electrical energy.

  16. Chapter 17 Section3 Electrical Calculations Measuring Electrical Energy • The amount of electrical energy used in a home depends the power of the electrical devices in the house and the length of the time that those devices are on. The equation for electrical energy is as follows: electrical energy  power  time, or E P  t

  17. Chapter 17 Section3 Electrical Calculations Measuring Electrical Energy, continued • Measuring Household Energy Use Different amounts of electrical energy are used each day in a home. Electric companies usually calculate electrical energy by multiplying the power in kilowatts by the time in hours. • How to Save EnergyEvery appliance uses energy. Replacing items that have high power ratings with items that have lower ratings is a way to save energy.

  18. Section4 Electric Circuits Chapter 17 Parts of an Electric Circuit • Forming a Loop An electric circuit is a complete, closed path through which electric charges flow. • All circuits need three basic parts: an energy source, wires, and a load.

  19. Section4 Electric Circuits Chapter 17

  20. Section4 Electric Circuits Chapter 17 Parts of an Electric Circuit, continued • A Switch to Control a CircuitSometimes, a circuit also contains a switch. A switch is used to open and close a circuit.

  21. Section4 Electric Circuits Chapter 17 Types of Circuits • Series Circuits A series circuit is a circuit in which all parts are connected in a single loop. • Uses for Series CircuitsSeries circuits are useful in wiring burglar alarms. If any part of the circuit fails, there will be no current in the system and the alarm will sound.

  22. Section4 Electric Circuits Chapter 17 Types of Circuits, continued • Parallel CircuitsA parallel circuit is a circuit in which loads are connected side by side. • Uses for Parallel CircuitsAlmost all appliances are built with parallel circuits so that they will keep working if part of the system fails.

  23. Section4 Electric Circuits Chapter 17 Household Circuit Safety • Circuit FailureBroken wires or water can cause a short circuit. In a short circuit, charges do not go through one or more loads in the circuit. • FusesA fuse has a thin strip of metal. Fuses keep charges from flowing if the current is too high.

  24. Section4 Electric Circuits Chapter 17 Household Circuit Safety, continued • Circuit BreakersA circuit breaker is a switch that automatically opens if the current is too high. Charges stop flowing. • Electrical Safety TipsDo not overload circuits by plugging in too many electrical devices. Do not use electrical devices near water.

  25. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 Interpreting Graphics Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow.

  26. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 1. Opening which switch will turn off only light bulb 2? Aswitch 1 Bswitch 2 Cswitch 3 Dswitch 4

  27. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 1. Opening which switch will turn off only light bulb 2? A switch 1 Bswitch 2 Cswitch 3 Dswitch 4

  28. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 2. Opening which switch will turn off exactly two light bulbs? Fswitch 1 Gswitch 2 Hswitch 3 Iswitch 4

  29. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 2. Opening which switch will turn off exactly two light bulbs? Fswitch 1 Gswitch 2 H switch 3 Iswitch 4

  30. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 3. If only switches 2 and 3 are open, which of the following will happen? AAll three bulbs will remain lit. BOnly bulb 1 will remain lit. COnly bulb 3 will remain lit. DAll three bulbs will turn off.

  31. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 3. If only switches 2 and 3 are open, which of the following will happen? AAll three bulbs will remain lit. BOnly bulb 1 will remain lit. C Only bulb 3 will remain lit. DAll three bulbs will turn off.

  32. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 4. Which of the following statements is false? FBulb 2 will be off when bulb 1 is off. GBulb 3 will be on if any other bulb is on. HBulbs 1 and 3 can be on when bulb 2 is off. I Bulb 3 can be on when bulbs 1 and 2 are off.

  33. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 4. Which of the following statements is false? F Bulb 2 will be off when bulb 1 is off. GBulb 3 will be on if any other bulb is on. HBulbs 1 and 3 can be on when bulb 2 is off. I Bulb 3 can be on when bulbs 1 and 2 are off.

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