Much of the world’s fresh water is unavailable to us because:

1. Much of the world’s fresh water is unavailable to us because: • It is in deep and inaccessible aquifers • It exists in the form of water vapor • It is mixed with saltwater • It is locked up in ice caps or glaciers

2. Which country has more fresh water, Canada or China? • Canada • China

3. About 2/3 of the world’s annual runoff is lost by _____ and is not available for human use. • Evaporation • Percolation into the ground • Pollution of the water supply • Seasonal floods

4. Most water is withdrawn from surface waters and aquifers for: • Drinking water • Industrial manufacturing • Irrigation of crops • Cooling power plants

5. Porous, water-saturated layers of sand, gravel, or bedrock through which groundwater flows make up a(n): • Aquifer • Watershed • Zone of aeration • Eutrophic zone

6. One trend in managing water resources is: • Privatization • Government seizure of privately-held water supplies • Public utility ownership • None of the choices

7. True or false? Innovative conservation strategies assure California of an adequate water supply for at least this century. • False • True

8. Diversion of water from the Aral Sea has led to: • Decrease in its salinity • Increased crop yields in the neighboring areas • Extinction of native fish species • More moderate temperature and increased rain

9. True or false? Distillation is one method of desalinating water. • True • False

10. Which of the following is not a stated means of preventing groundwater depletion? • Reduce stream flow levels • Ban new wells • Tax water pumped from wells near surface water • Switch to less water-intensive crops

11. Which is the most efficient irrigation technique? • Gravity flow through ditches • Center pivot sprinkler systems • Surge valves • Drip irrigation systems

12. _____ is reclaimed water from sinks, tubs, and washers. • Sludge • Brown water • Gray water • Treated water

13. True or false? Water meters reduce water waste. • True • False

14. The removal of vegetation, especially on hillsides increases the risk of: • Salinization • Groundwater overdrafts • Saltwater intrusion • Flooding

15. From an environmental viewpoint, the best approach to reducing flood risks is: • Floodplain management • Channelization • Artificial levees • Flood control dams

16. Which of the following is not one of the causes of water scarcity? • Dry climate • Erosion • Desiccation • Drought

17. True or false? Dams can lose more water than they provide. • True • False

18. Which of the following is not a stated concern about China’s Three Gorges Dam? • The reservoir will force the displacement of over a million people • The reservoir will flood important archaeological sites • The dam may not be able to withstand the impact of an earthquake • The dam will increase China’s dependence on coal

19. Which of the following is not a main factor in water scarcity? • Dry climate • Increased damming of rivers and building of reservoirs • Drought • Too many people using reliable water source

20. True or false? Since the 1960’s the Aral Sea in the former Soviet Union is going dry as a result of a large scale water transfer project. • True • False

21. Which of the following is a strategy to use water more sustainably? • Build more dams and levees • Regulate withdrawals to prevent depletion of renewable aquifers • Slow the rate of ozone depletion • Increase efficiency and productivity in livestock production