1 / 21

Phonological Analysis of Child Speech

Phonological Analysis of Child Speech. Relational Analysis. Model of Speech Disorders. A speech disorder can be phonetic (articulatory), phonemic (phonologic), or both The broader term “speech disorder” encompasses all of these. Nature of Assessment.

Download Presentation

Phonological Analysis of Child Speech

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Phonological Analysis of Child Speech Relational Analysis

  2. Model of Speech Disorders • A speech disorder can be phonetic (articulatory), phonemic (phonologic), or both • The broader term “speech disorder” encompasses all of these

  3. Nature of Assessment • Phonological analysis includes the identification, description, and classification of sound differences in a child’s speech that signal meaning differences • 3 key concepts in phonological analysis (Grunwell, 1997): • System • Structure • Stability

  4. System • Includes a set (or inventory) of different sounds produced by the child • Adequate sound systems are symmetrical • Sounds are contrastive in place, voice, and manner and function to signal differences in meaning • Sounds function contrastively in all word positions (I, M, F)

  5. Structure • Refers to the rules and organization of the sound system • Specifies the distribution and combination of sounds in a language • Example: [] cannot occur # ___ [pl, bl, kl, gl] are permissable clusters, but not *[tl, dl]

  6. Stability • Refers to the predictability of the speaker’s systemic and structural patterns (or organization) of their sound system • The inventory of sounds (SYSTEM) and the rules that govern the distribution and combination of sounds (STRUCTURE) provide the organization and therefore predictability of a “phonology”

  7. Relational Analysis • Child’s speech compared to adult speech in a one-to-one comparison • Differences between the two productions can be described in terms of SODA, phonological processes, PVM error patterns • Only describes error sounds, therefore, often called an ERROR ANALYSIS

  8. Independent Analysis • Child’s speech is described as a unique, independent, self-contained sound system • NO comparisons made between child:adult systems • Describes what the child DOES rather than what the child does NOT do (as in error/relational analysis)

  9. Issues in Completing a Phonological Analysis of Child Speech • Type and length of sample • Sound inventory ~ pattern test • Elicited single word ~ conversational • 50 words ~ > 300 words • Phonetic transcription • Must complete whole-word transcription • Severity of disorder • Mild-moderate: relational analysis of sound inventory or pattern test may be sufficient • Severe-profound: independent + relational analyses with larger samples (150-200 words)

  10. Two Frameworks for Phonological Analysis • Relational Analysis • SODA • Distinctive feature analysis • Phonological process analysis • PVM analysis • Independent + Relational Analyses • PPK • Systemic phonological analysis of child speech (SPACS)

  11. Phonological Process Analysis • Number of commercial tests available • Dunn (1982): APP identified most patterns • Non-standardized phonological process analyses • Dunn (1982): non-standardized analysis was better than APP

  12. List of Common Phonological Processes • Common to many commercial tests, but not tied to any one published test • Listed according to syllable structure (deletion) processes and sound simplification (substitution and assimilation) processes

  13. Considerations in completing non-standardized phonological process analysis • Choose the process that BEST describes error pattern • Ex: [o] for [so] could be either BACKING or PALATALIZATION; PAL provides more precise description of what child is doing than broader label of BA • In general, each process only changes one aspect of PLACE, VOICE, or MANNER • Process ordering (Edwards, 1992)

  14. Process Ordering • Sequential application of processes when one sound error involves more than one phonological process (PDI) • “unraveling” of child’s error productions relative to adult target • Example: /f/ adult target s apicalization t stopping d prevocalic voicing [d] child’s pronunciation

  15. Steps in completing a non-standardized phonological process analysis • Complete whole-word transcription of speech • Transcribe target word according to AT • Apply appropriate phonological processes in sequential manner until all aspects of sound change are accounted • Summarize results (Summary Sheet) • Select appropriate tx goals

  16. Summary Sheet • Organize/summarize results • Frequency of occurrence of each process • Process limitation/application • Developmental information on processes

  17. Select tx targets • 3 perspectives • Intelligibility perspective • most frequently occurring process(es) • Developmental perspective • Select earliest process(es) that should have been suppressed • Combination

  18. Advantages/Disadvantages of Phonological Process Analysis • Advantage • Describes error patterns • Terms are “user friendly” • Disadvantage • Time needed to complete analysis • Selection of tx targets from summary sheet

  19. Place-Voice-Manner Analysis • Describes error patterns in terms of 3 broad categories of consonant production (P-V-M) • Similar to phonological process analysis • Analysis is completed on PVM Analysis Form

  20. Steps in completing a PVM analysis • Complete whole-word transcriptions • Use black/red markers to color code • Mark each consonant with appropriate color in appropriate box on PVM form • List phonetic inventory • Summarize error patterns according to PVM • Select tx targets

  21. Advantages/Disadvantages of PVM Analysis Advantages • Relatively simple and quick to complete • Visual representation of error patterns • Selection of treatment targets is easier • Form useful to communicate with parents and others • Form useful to compare pre/post test results Disadvantage • does not identify assimilation errors

More Related