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643-656 - Read and analyze a primary source

643-656 - Read and analyze a primary source about the Atlantic slave trade . - Describe the growth of world trade in the 18th Century. For T 11/27: Finish reading the rest of Chapter 20 and create a branching diagram over your assigned section:.

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643-656 - Read and analyze a primary source

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  1. 643-656- Read and analyze a primary source about the Atlantic slave trade. - Describe the growth of world trade in the 18th Century.

  2. For T 11/27: Finish reading the rest of Chapter 20 and create a branching diagram over your assigned section: • Marriage/Family 661-66 • Children/Education 666-72 • Food/Medicine 672-80 • Religion/Popular Culture 680-85

  3. 643-656- Read and analyze a primary source about the Atlantic slave trade. - Describe the growth of world trade in the 18th Century.

  4. Growth of the Atlantic Economy • Read the following excerpt • from“The Interesting • Narrative of theLife of • OlaudahEquiano” and • make note of his experience • in the Atlantic Slave Trade.

  5. Growth of the Atlantic Economy • Agricultural improvements, population increase, the new Cottage • Industry and the expansion of Europe led to the growth of world • trade in the 17th century. • Netherlands, France and Great Britain (GB formed in 1707 with • the merging of England and Scotland) benefited most. • Why did Britain lead? • It had modeled it’s Mercantilist policies after Louis XIV’s finance minister Jean Colbert. • Different? • English mercantilism differed in that the government regulations over the economy were designed to benefit BOTH the government and private individuals.

  6. Growth of the Atlantic Economy • English Mercantilism • Examples: • Series of “Navigation Acts” first passed by Oliver Cromwell in 1651 and King Charles II expanded them in 1660 and 1663. • Acts required that all goods imported into England or Scotland be shipped only on English ships. • This gave British merchants and ship owners a monopoly on trade with the British colonies! • This also expanded the size of the British shipping industry which could easily be transformed into a British Navy! • Economic Warfare? • Navigation Acts were a form of economic warfare aimed at the Dutch Republic which was far ahead of the British.

  7. Growth of the Atlantic Economy • English Mercantilism • Examples: • Series of Wars • Three “Anglo-Dutch Wars” (1652-74) • Ended with British taking over New Amsterdam and renaming it New York. • War of Spanish-Succession (1701-13) • Spanish crown was willed to Bourbon King Louis’s grandson, so a coalition of states went to war to prevent this. • Peace of Utrecht (1713) ended the war with the ceding of French colonies of Newfoundland, Nova Scotia and the Hudson Bay territory to Britain.

  8. Growth of the Atlantic Economy • English Mercantilism • Examples: • Series of Wars • War of Austrian Succession (1740-48) • Prussian Frederick the Great seized Silesia from Maria Theresa (violated the Pragmatic Sanction). • War ended with no change in lands, HOWEVER, France supported Prussia against Great Britain. (New alliance?) • The Seven Years War (1756-63) AKA “French and Indian War” in North America. • Austrian Maria Theresa STRIKES back at Prussia, most action takes place in America when French (Marquis de Montcalm) and British (William Pitt) collide!

  9. Growth of the Atlantic Economy • English Mercantilism • Examples: • Series of Wars • The Seven Years War (1756-63) AKA “French and Indian War” in North America. • Austrian Maria Theresa STRIKES back at Prussia, most action takes place in America when French (Marquis de Montcalm) and British (William Pitt) collide! • Treaty of Paris (1763) end it where France lost ALL her North American colonies: • Louisiana Territory to Spain • Lands east of Mississippi River went to Canada and Great Britain.

  10. Effects of British Dominance • What were the effects of all this new colonial territory for the British? • Britain’s North American colonies had cheap land and scarce labor drew population, slaves and created a prosperous life for colonists. • Britain’s foreign trade increased: • London grew to be to be the larges and richest city in Europe ! • When trade with Europe slowed, the colonies took up the slack. • English exports grew more diverse.

  11. Effects of British Dominance • What were the effects of all this new colonial territory for the British? • The Atlantic Slave Trade grew • Great demand for cheap labor along with abundant land in the Americas drove the slave trade. • By 1700, Great Britain was the leader, conducting the slave trade under terrible conditions. • Over 6 million slaves were shipped between 1701-1800. • 10-15% died in passage to the Americas. • “Shore Method” of slave trading accounted for the majority of slaves being captured. (The fate of OlaudahEquiano was the exception.)

  12. The Atlantic Slave Trade

  13. Adam Smith and Economic Nationalism • Economic Nationalism or • capitalism opposed mercantilism • The Wealth of Nations (1776) • proposed free enterprise • system (Laissez-Faire). • Smith argued government • should limit itself to three • duties: • Protection from invasion. • Maintain civil order. • Public works that could • not be done privately. • Became basis for economic • liberalism and captialism.

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