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Importance of Essential Nutrients in Plant and Animal Growth

Learn about the critical role of nutrients such as magnesium, phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, iron, and calcium in supporting the overall growth and development of plants and animals. Explore the effects of nutrient deficiency and understand the link between vitamin D and calcium. Discover how light affects plant growth and the significance of photoperiodism in animal breeding patterns.

frederickdavis
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Importance of Essential Nutrients in Plant and Animal Growth

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  1. Is present in the chlorophyll molecule Magnesium Is found in DNA and ATP Phosphorus Is needed for amino acid synthesis Nitrogen Is important in membrane transport Potassium Which ones if deficient will reduce the overall growth of the plant? ALL Which ones if deficient will produce chlorotic leaves? Magnesium Nitrogen Which ones if deficient will produce Red leaf bases? NitRogen and PhosphoRus (the R rule)

  2. List 3 ways iron is important to animals? To make haemoglobin (Red blood cells) To make some enzymes To make cytochromes for the cytochrome system (crista / respiration) Calcium is needed to make 3 structures in animals ie an essential component of; To make bones Teeth Invertebrate shells List the other function of calcium In mammals it is needed to clot the blood For muscle contraction List the effect of lead on the body Inhibits some enzymes lead poison affects the brain of young children

  3. Explain the link between Vitamin D and Calcium Vitamin D is required to promote the uptake of calcium from the small intestine to the blood and also into the bone. What type of condition can occur if a person is deficient in Vitamin D? Rickets – this produces soft abnormal bones which bend due to a deficiency in Vitamin D which means poor absorption of calcium from the small intestine Drugs can also effect the growth and development of the foetus. Describe the effects of the following drugs. Alcohol retard the growth and mental development in a fetus Nicotine retard the growth and mental development in a fetus Thalidomide causes limb deformation in the fetus

  4. Effect of light on plant growth and development What happens to the growth of a vegetative shoots if kept in the dark? The vegetative shoot etiolates- small yellow leaves and long internodes – tall and weak. What is this called? Etiolation What other effect can light have on a vegetative shoot? Phototropism – shoots grow towards unidirectional light source due to an uneven distribution of IAA.

  5. The length of light can also determine when a plant flowers. What is this effect of light called? Photoperiodism When will short day plants flower? When the length of light has reached a critical length or shorter. When will long day plants flower? When the length of light has reached a critical length of light or longer.

  6. The length of light can also affect animals. What is this effect called? Photoperiodism What can it effect? The breeding time of animals Long day breeders are animals that breed when the length of day light is getting longer ie spring Short day breeders are animals that start to breed when the length of day light is getting shorter ie autumn What is the significance of this ie how does it help the animals It allows the young to born at a time with suitable conditions to survive ie temperature and food supply

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