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This mock exam review covers topics such as work, force, natural selection, periodic table organization, electromagnetic waves, weather fronts, Newton's laws, food webs, and more.
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Science Mock Exam Review • 2012-2013
Work = Force x Distance • 1) Amy uses 20N of force to push a lawn mower 10 meters. How much work does she do? • 2) How much work does an elephant do while moving a circus wagon 20 meters with a pulling force of 200N? • 3) A 900N mountain climber scales a 100m cliff. How much work is done by the mountain climber? • 4) Shawn uses 45N of force to stop the cart 1 meter from running his foot over. How much work does he do?
Evolution - Natural Selection • A group of early giraffes lives in a lush forest with many trees and shrubs of different heights to feed on. These giraffes have necks of various lengths, with most giraffes having a medium length neck. Then a blight passed through the area, killing off all of the low growing plants, leaving only tall trees whose leaves are far off the ground. Giraffes with shorter necks now have a hard time getting food, while those with longer necks can feed on the high-growing leaves. After several generations, the giraffes in this area all have longer necks than those before the blight. According to the theory of natural selection, how did this happen?
Periodic Table Organization • Scandium (Sc), Titanium (Ti), and Vanadium (V), occupy the same period on the periodic table. These elements all contain the same number of_____________ whereas Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), and Rubidium (Rb) have the same number of ____________.
Outer Level Electron Stability • Which one of the following elements listed below has the most stable outer level electron configuration (# of valence electrons)? • Mg • Kr • Li • He
Electromagnetic Waves & Wavelengths of Stars • If you were to look at the light wavelength emitted from a star, you observe that Star A has a long wavelength (red in color) while Star B has a short wavelength (blue in color). Knowing what you know regarding the Doppler effect, create a statement that best describes the motion of each star?
Weather Fronts • Condensation that produces cloud and precipitation accompanies the leading edge of most weather fronts because as the frontal boundaries pass, it causes: • Draw a diagram of both Warm and Cold Fronts
Newton's Second LawForce = mass x acceleration • Look at the following image. Determine what is occurring when looking at the forces, masses and acceleration. • If the masses for both A and B are the same, then to move the same distance with the same acceleration, the forces must be: __________ • If the mass of A is larger than B, then for them to travel the same distance, the forces must be:_________.
B- 9N C- 4N D- 3N A- 4N Balanced & Unbalanced Forces • Four forces are applied to the object below. If no other forces are applied to the object, what direction will the object move?
Food Webs • According to the image right, if there were less frogs to eat, which of the statements, below are true? • The number of snakes would ____________ because • The number of grasshoppers would __________ because • The number of rabbits would _________ because • A ___________ in the amount of frogs would have __________________on the fox population.
Natural Selection • A population of arboreal rodents lives in one species of pine tree. These pine trees have very evenly spaced branches of uniform thickness. Rodents that are too small cannot reach between the branches to move around in the tree. Rodents that are too big and heavy break through the branches and fall out of the trees. The rodent population contains adults of very uniform size. What type of selection has created this uniform size distribution in these rodents?
Newton’s First Law of Inertia • Using the graph right, • Between what time intervals is the speed constant? • Between what time interval is the object stationary? • Between what time intervals is the object changing directions?
Periodic Table and Atomic Structure • The periodic table is a list of elements consisting of chemically neutral atoms, organized by increasing atomic number. Determine how many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in each of the following elements below: • Silicon • Neon • Magnesium • Vanadium • Gold
Moon Phases • Based on the graph right, on which date is ____ going to occur? • Waning gibbous • Waxing gibbous • Waning crescent • Waxing crescent • The next Full moon
Law of Inertia • Describe the motion of the man standing in the aisle if: • The bus suddenly accelerated. • Slammed on the brakes • Turned sharply right • Turned sharply left
Plate Tectonics and Convection Currents • At the mid ocean ridge, describe the motion of the convection currents. Draw arrows indicating direction of flow
Density Calculations • A group of students performed a lab where they were given several unknown substances. They were able to find the mass and the volumes of each. Using the table above, determine the unknowns used in the lab based on the data given. • Unknown 1: mass = 13.0 g, volume 13.0 mL • Unknown 2: mass = 241.25 g , volume = 12.5 mL • Unknown 3: mass = 34.35 g , volume = 0.0192 mL • Unknown 4: mass = 1.36 g , volume = 0.100 mL
Continental Drift • Which one of the following conditions would indicate that the Theory of Continental Drift is in fact true regarding the current position of the continents? Why? • Fossils of tropical plants are being found in polar regions of Antarctica. • Identical Rock deposits containing Basalt are found on two different continents over 3000 miles away. • Diamonds with similar chemical signatures are being mined on the eastern coasts of South America and Western Africa. • Fossils of ancient sea creatures are being found in mountainous regions due to uplift caused by converging plates.
Earth, Sun, Moon Relationships and Tidal Movements • Using the image below, indicate at which position of the Earth, Sun, and moon, would either high or low tides exist. Spring and Neap tides…Also indicate the moon phases of A-D. D Sun Earth A C B
Movement of Matter, Energy, & Heat in an Ecosystem • Look at the diagram left and describe the movement of matter, energy, and heat within the ecosystem.
Graph Interpretation • On the graph below, describe the type of speed changes occurring. A D I S T A N C E D C B E TIME
Constant Speed and Balanced Forces • An object is moving at a constant speed of 20 m/s. After the first minute, a new force acts upon the object, pushing the object forward. Estimate the speed on the table over an 8 minute period if acceleration is constant.
Star Classification& HR Diagram • Look at the axis on the HR Diagram left. Determine both the luminosity and temperature of the following stars: • Sirius • Pollux • Rigel • Betelgeuse • Polaris
Populations Within an Ecosystem • For the following conditions for a species, determine where on the population graph they would occur: • Lack of Predation • Food resources became limited. • Weather conditions destroyed habitats - Catastrophes • More individuals were able to mate
Plate Movements • Using the following diagram, state which plate movements form: • volcanic mountains • Folded mountains • Trenches • Island arcs • Rift zones/valleys • Mid ocean ridge systems • Faults
Weather Maps and Frontal Boundaries • Look at the weather map above, determine what weather Texas and North Carolina will experience before and after the fronts pass. Also state the wind direction behind each front.
Periodic Table Organization • Understanding the reason why elements are arranged on the periodic table, determine what each set of elements have in common (be specific): • Chlorine, Bromine, Astatine • P, S, Al • Be, Mg, Ba • Lead, Bismuth, Polonium
Physical vs.. Chemical Changes • Determine which of the following are physical vs.. chemical changes upon heating. State why. • Changing from a solid to a liquid • Changing from a colorless liquid to a dark solid • Changing from a liquid to a gas. • Placing a white solid into a clear liquid and gas bubbles form. • Mixing two liquids and a white solid forms.
Seasons and the Tilt of the Earth • Looking at the following diagram, using the Northern hemisphere in your reasoning, determine the reason why we experience 4 distinct seasons on Earth. Identify each solstice and equinox
Sea Floor Spreading • Looking at the diagram below, describe the mechanism for sea-floor spreading at divergent (separating) boundaries.
Speed vs.. Velocity • From the following information, calculate the objects speed (km/minute) and velocity. • The hiker traveled 13.4 km in 7.54 hours over the mountains with a compass heading of 324 degrees northwest.
Potential vs.. Kinetic Energy • Analyze the following diagram. Determine the energy changes at points A & B and as she moves from point A to Point B.
Law of Conservation of Matter • Determine which of the following equations follow the law of conservation of mass. • 2 CaBr -> 2 Ca + Br2 • 2 H2 + O2 -> 2 H2O • 2MgCl + H2O -> MgO + 2 HCl • 2LiCl + Ca(OH)2 -> 2LiOH + CaCl2
Food webs and Population Impact • From the following food web, determine what would happen to the snakes if coyotes which feed on mice and frogs were introduced into the system.
Atomic Structure • Create the Bohr model for each of the following elements, showing all subatomic particles, locations, and charges. Determine the Lewis dot structures for each. • Sodium • Ca • Gallium • C • Phosphorus • O • Neon
Reading a Velocity vs.. Time Graph • Determine the distance traveled between line segments: • A-B • B-C • C-D
Biotic vs. Abiotic Factors • Biotic factors also known as living factors (other organisms, food resources, etc.) and abiotic factors, known as non-living factors (weather, climate, air, sun, and water) are in each ecosystem in various amounts. • What would happen concerning biotic and abiotic factors concerning two species of consumers in the same ecosystem?
Seasons and the Tilt of the Earth Looking at the following diagram, using the Northern hemisphere in your reasoning, label the diagram for winter solstice (Dec 21), summer solstice (June 21), vernal equinox (March 20) and autumnal equinox (September 22).
Newton's Third Law • For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. • Describe the forces exerted in the following image:
Tropic levels • When looking at the tropic levels and the energy pyramid at right, what does it represent? How much energy is passed from one level to the next?
Sexual vs. Asexual Reproduction • The difference between sexual and asexual reproduction is that during sexual reproduction, it takes two parents to make an offspring while in asexual reproduction, it only takes 1 parent to make an offspring that is genetically identical. • What is an advantage that organism that reproduce sexually have over organisms that reproduce asexually?
Newton's Second LawF=mass x acceleration • A boat weighing 545 kg is powered by a motor that puts out a force of 350N. Determine the acceleration of the boat. • A man weighing 107.6 kg accelerates at 1.2 m/s/s. determine the force he is having to generate. • The baseball player throws a baseball at 65 m/s/s with a force of 29.25N. Determine the mass of the baseball. • A man pulls a box weighing 45kg with a force of 30N against a force of friction of 8N. Determine the acceleration of the box.
What do all living organisms have in common? • It doesn't matter the organism, all organisms are made of ...
Body System Interactions • Body systems interact to carry out many functions in the human body. From the list below, identify what 2 body systems work together to perform each function. • Carrying oxygen to supply muscles • Moving your hand away after touching something hot • Sweating due to temperature changes • Filtering the blood
Weathering & Erosion • What would happen to the cross-section diagram below if weathering and erosion continued to transpire over time upstream?
Chemical Formulas • 2 Mg3(PO4)2 • How many atoms are in the above compound? • How many different elements?
Organic Compounds • Which of the following compounds are organic compounds? • C8H10N4O2 • H2O • CO2 • C6H12O6
Physical and Chemical changes in Digestion • Explain the physical and chemical changes that happen to food when you eat it.
Elements vs.. Compounds • If the definition for compound is a combination of more than one type of element chemically combined, using the following shapes (assume each shape a different element) draw an example of three types of compounds.
