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Early Spanish and English Colonization

Early Spanish and English Colonization. Chapter 2.1 & 2.2. Cortez Reaches Tenochtitlan. After Columbus, conquistadors were lured to the new world by the prospect of striking it rich Cortez set off to conquer the Aztecs upon hearing about their vast riches

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Early Spanish and English Colonization

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  1. Early Spanish and English Colonization Chapter 2.1 & 2.2

  2. Cortez Reaches Tenochtitlan • After Columbus, conquistadors were lured to the new world by the prospect of striking it rich • Cortez set off to conquer the Aztecs upon hearing about their vast riches • Upon first glance, the Spanish were amazed by Tenochtitlan

  3. Cortez Battles the Aztecs • The Aztec first agreed to give a portion of their gold to Cortez • The Aztec rebelled in the spring of 1520 • Disease left the Aztec little hope • Cortez quickly made plans for the colony of New Spain

  4. Spanish Pattern of Conquest • The Spanish lived among the natives and forced their culture upon them • Often peninsulares often married native women and created a large mestizo • Spanish forced the natives to work in the encomienda • 1542, the encomienda was abolished

  5. Other Spanish Explorers • Juan Ponce de Leon • Pedro Menendez Aviles • Francisco Vasquez de Coronado

  6. Pope’s Rebellion • After Coronado, most Spaniards went to New Mexico to spread Christianity • Sought to transform the Native Americans’ culture • Priests and soldiers began forcing Native Americans to pay tributes • Pueblo religious leader, Pope, was whipped and beaten for his “witchcraft” • 1680 - Drove the Spanish out of New Mexico • Spain would never again have complete control of the Americas

  7. English Settlement at Jamestown • English colonies were originally joint-stock companies • 1606, King James I granted a charter to the Virginia Company • 1607, the VA Company’s three ships led by John Smith landed in Virginia • Named the settlement Jamestown

  8. Trouble in Jamestown • “There was no talk, no hope, no work, but dig gold, wash gold, refine gold, load gold.” • 1607, only 38 of the original 150 settlers remained alive • 1609, 600 new colonists arrived • Winter of 1609 = The “Starving Time”

  9. Jamestown Begins to Flourish • John Rolfe introduced tobacco to the region • Virginia Company introduced a headright system • Many indentured servants were brought over to work plantations • Africans began to arrive in the colonies

  10. Settlers Clash with Native Americans • English settlers had no desire to live among or intermarry with the Native Americans • Leaders demanded tributes from the Powhatan • Chief Opechancanough attacked Jamestown in retaliation • King James I made Virginia a royal colony

  11. Economic Differences Split Virginia • During 1660s and 1670s, Virginia’s poor settlers very unhappy • Berkeley imposed high taxes • 1675, bloody clash between frontier settlers and local native tribes • 1676, Nathaniel Bacon raised an army • Marched on the colony and drove Berkeley out

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