3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

1. 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

2. 3.02 Essential Questions • What are the functions of the nervous system? • What are some disorders of the nervous system? • How are nervous system disorders treated? • How does the nervous system relate to the body’s communication systems? 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

3. Functions of the nervous system:Neurons What do they do? How do these functions impact health? • Sensory • Motor • Associative 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

4. Sensory Neurons/Nerves- (afferent)sensation (skin) carry messages to the brain • Motor Neurons/Nerves- (efferent) carry messages from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands. • Associative Neurons/ Nerves- carry impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons. 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

5. Functions of the central nervous system:Brain Think about it… How do you use your brain? 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

6. Functions of the central nervous system:Brain How do you use your Cerebrum? • Frontal lobe • Parietal lobe • Occipital lobe • Temporal lobe 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

7. 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

8. Functions of the central nervous system:Brain How do you use your limbic system? • What is the limbic system? Is this a new term for you? • What structures are involved? • What are the functions of the limbic system? • How does this effect you? • Can you control it? 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

9. The limbic system is a set of evolutionarily primitive brain structures located on top of the brainstem and buried under the cortex. Limbic system structures are involved in many of our emotions and motivations, particularly those that are related to survival. Such emotions include fear, anger, and emotions related to sexual behavior. The limbic system is also involved in feelings of pleasure that are related to our survival, such as those experienced from eating and sex.Certain structures of the limbic system are involved in memory as well. Two large limbic system structures, the amygdala and hippocampus play important roles in memory. The amygdala is responsible for determining what memories are stored and where the memories are stored in the brain. It is thought that this determination is based on how huge an emotional response an event invokes. The hippocampus sends memories out to the appropriate part of the cerebral hemisphere for long-term storage and retrieves them when necessary. Damage to this area of the brain may result in an inability to form new memories. 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

10. Functions of the central nervous system:Brain your limbic system at work! What’s happening in these pictures? Can you control it? 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

11. Functions of the central nervous system:BrainHow do you use your cerebellum? Discuss the functions of the cerebellum illustrated in this gymnast’s picture. 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

12. Functions of the central nervous system: BRAIN • Diencephalon • Located between the cerebrum and the midbrain • Structures • Thalamus • Hypothalamus • Pineal body • Pituitary gland 3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

13. Functions of the central nervous system: BRAIN • Diencephalon • Thalamus – spherical mass of gray matter • Hypothalamus • Pineal body • Pituitary gland 3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

14. Functions of the central nervous system:Brain How do you use your brain stem? • Midbrain • Pons • Medulla oblongata 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

15. Functions of the central nervous system:Brain Discuss the relevance of the brain stem for these functions? 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

16. Functions of the central nervous system:Spinal Cord Discuss the functions of the spinal cord. What is the relevance to health? Brain Body Structures 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

17. Functions of the Peripheral nervous system • Cranial • Spinal What do the peripheral nerves do? What is their relevance to health? Also called sensory-somatic nervous system 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

18. Functions of the peripheral nervous system:Autonomic nervous system Discuss the functions of the autonomic nervous system. 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

19. Functions of the nervous system • Discuss the relevance of the nervous system to the body’s communication systems. 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

20. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • Alzheimer’s disease Who is at the greatest risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease? What are the symptoms? How is it treated? How is it prevented? 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

21. Alzheimer’s Disease A Progressive degenerative disease of the brain that causes memory loss and diminishing cognitive function Cause is unknown but age is the most important risk factor Symptoms: Begins with gradual mild forgetfulness Progresses to severe forgetfulness and difficulty in speaking , writing reading, maintaining personal hygiene. There is no cure, some medications help to slow down progression of early and middle stages of the disease Prevention- eating right, exercising, mental stimulation 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

22. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments Multiple Causes cause cause cause cause cause • Cerebral palsy What is cerebral palsy? A permanent, non progressive set of motor deficits diagnoses in infants and toddlers How is it treated? PT, OT, assistive devices, drugs to control symptoms Which healthcare team members will take care of the patient with cerebral palsy? 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

23. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • Epilepsy What is epilepsy? What are the symptoms? How is it treated? Should a person with epilepsy be allowed to drive? 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

24. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • Hydrocephalus a condition where there is too much CSF in the skull Hydro- cephal -us Define the terms. Do the meanings of the parts represent the whole? Caused by blockage of the narrow passages due to trauma, a birth defect, tumor, or decreased reabsorption of the CSF. Treated with meds, surgical placement of shunt to drain fluid 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

25. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • Meningitis What causes of meningitis? What are the symptoms? How is it treated? 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

26. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • Multiple sclerosis – autoimmune attack on myelin in CNS What are the symptoms?-varies, depending on location of plaques, may be cognitive, motor or sensory Who is most likely to develop it?30-50 yr.olds, How is it treated?steroids, immunosuppressants Symptom management What is the prognosis?good- treated 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

27. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • Neuritis neur- -itis - inflammation of the nerves Discuss the terms. Discuss the pattern of symptoms presented and why- usually starts with one nerve and spreads to area usually due to overexcertion How is neuritis prevented? Resting when needed, eating properly , exercising 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

28. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • Paralysis “disabling of a nerve” How does this quote relate to paralysis? What are the symptoms? muscles can”t receive any signals to contract, muscles are floppy, reflexes are a Decreased or absent What is the prognosis? depending on cause- 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

29. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • Parkinson’s disease What are the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease? Who is most likely to have this disorder? How is it treated? 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

30. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • Poliomyelitis a virus that can causes polio- What is the impact of this disorder? Mild UR or digestive illness How can it be prevented? vaccination How is it treated? no cure, treat with rehab. What is the prognosis?25% suffer permanent disability 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

31. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • Spinal cord injury What are the symptoms? What determines a patient’s symptoms? How is it treated? What are the risk factors for teens? 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

32. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • West Nile Virus Where is the greatest incidence of West Nile virus? What are the risk factors? How is it prevented? How is it treated? 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

33. Stroke - CVA Caused by a disruption of blood flow to a portion of the brain, usually by hemorrhage or a blood clot Symptoms- sudden occurrence, and vary, can include sensory, language motor and memory Treatment- 911, medications to dissolve clot. Therapies 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

34. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • What are some common symptoms of neurological disorders? • What are some common prognoses? • Why do these commonalities exist? 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

35. 3.02 Essential Questions • What are the functions of the nervous system? • What are some disorders of the nervous system? • How are nervous system disorders treated? • How does the nervous system relate to the body’s communication systems? 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

36. 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous systemThe end 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system