English Language Arts

1. English Language Arts By: Miss Fogarty

2. Figurative speech • Metaphors • Similes • Onomatopoeia • Personification • Idioms • Hyperbole • Repetition • Alliteration

3. Metaphor • Noun • a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.

5. Simile • Noun • a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind. • A simile draws resemblance with the help of the words “like” or “as.” Therefore, it is a direct comparison.

8. Onomatopoeia • the formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named.

9. Personification • noun • the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form.

11. Idioms • An idiom is a phrase or expression whose meaning can't be understood from the ordinary meanings of the words in it. • Forexample, “Get off my back!” is an idiom meaning “Stop bothering me!”

12. Hyperbole • is a figure of speech that uses extreme exaggeration to make a point or show emphasis. • It is the opposite of understatement. •  Hyperboles are not comparisons, like similes and metaphors, but extravagant and even ridiculous overstatements, not meant to be taken literally.

15. Antagonist • a person who actively opposes or is hostile to someone or something; an adversary. • "he turned to confront his antagonist“

16. Protagonist • noun • the leading character or one of the major characters in a drama, movie, novel, or other fictional text. • Often the hero of the story.

18. Theme • The theme in a story is its underlying message, or 'big idea.' In other words, what critical belief about life is the author trying to convey in the writing of a novel, play, short story or poem? • This belief, or idea, transcends cultural barriers. It is usually universal in nature.

19. Plot • Plot is a literary term used to describe the events that make up a story, or the main part of a story. These events relate to each other in a pattern or a sequence. • The structure of a novel depends on the organization of events in the plot of the story.

20. Mood vs. Tone • Mood and tone are two literary elements that help create the main idea of a story. • The mood is the atmosphere of the story, and the tone is the author's attitude towards the topic. • We can identify both by looking at the setting, characters, details, and word choices.

21. Setting • The setting is the environment in which a story or event takes place. • Setting can include specific information about time and place (e.g. Boston, Massachusetts, in 1809) • or can simply be descriptive (eg. a lonely farmhouse on a dark night).

22. What is Irony? • a state of affairs or an event that seems deliberately contrary to what one expects and is often amusing as a result.

23. Three types of irony • 1. Verbal-  is when words express something contrary to truth or someone says the opposite of what they really feel or mean.(Verbal irony is often sarcastic.) • 2. Situational - a difference between expectations of something to happen, and what actually happens instead. • 3. Dramatic- when an audience watching a play understands what's going on in a situation while the characters are unaware of what is happening.

24. Symbolism • Practice or art of using an object or a word to represent an abstract idea. An action, person, place, word, or object can all have a symbolic meaning. • When an author wants to suggest a certain mood or emotion, he can also use symbolism to hint at it, rather than just blatantly saying it.

26. Point of view • First person • Second person • Third person (Limited) • Third person (omniscient)

27. First person • First person is when “I” am telling the story....

28. Second person • Second person point of view. The story is told to “you.” ...

29. Third person (Limited) • Third person point of view, limited. The story is about “he” or “she.” ...

30. Third Person (omniscient) om-nish-ent • thenarrator knows the thoughts and feelings of all of the characters in the story.

32. Characterization in fiction or non-fiction • Tell the reader directly what a character's personality is like: ... • Describe a character's appearance and manner • Portray a character's thoughts and motivations • Use dialogue to allow a character's words to reveal something important about his or her nature:

33. Dynamic Characters • All characters in a story are either dynamic or static. • A dynamic character, in contrast, undergoes a major transition in one or more of these ways

34. Static character • A static character is one who doesn't undergo any significant change in character, personality or perspective over the course of a story.

35. Which one would be considered a Static character?

37. Chronological order • A sequence of events • First, next, then and last

39. Flashbacks • is an interjected scene that takes the narrative back in time from the current point in the story. Flashbacks are often used to recount events that happened before the story's primary sequence of events to fill in crucial backstory.

40. Forshadowing • Verb • be a warning or indication of (a future event.) • Example: A pipe is going to burst, but before it does, the author writes a scene where the family notices a small dark spot on the ceiling, but ignores it.

41. Flash-forward • a scene that temporarily takes the narrative forward in time from the current point of the story in literature, film, television and other media.

42. Internal conflict • Internal conflict is within the character's mind. • Internal conflict can be described as a struggle between opposing forces of desire or emotions within a person. • Give me an example of and internal conflict?

43. External Conflict • External is a conflict between a character and an outside force. • Which one of these are external?

44. Plot diagram • There are five essential parts of plot: • 1) Exposition (introduction) - Beginning of the story; characters, background, and setting revealed. • 2) Rising Action - Events in the story become complicated; the conflict is revealed. These are events between the introduction and climax. • 3) Climax - Turning point of the story. Readers wonders what will happen next; will the conflict be resolved or not? Consider the climax as a three-fold phenomenon: • • Main character receives new information. • • Main character accepts this information (realizes it but does not necessarily agree with it). • • Main character acts on this information (makes a choice that will determine whether or not objective is met). • 4) Falling action - Resolution begins; events and complications start to fall into place. These are the events between climax and denouement. • 5) Resolution (Conclusion) - Final outcome of events in the story. II. Setting - Time and location that a story takes place. For some stories, the setting