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Equine Nutrition

Equine Nutrition. Keith Vandervelde Marquette County Livestock Specialist. Central. Wisconsin. Agricultural. Specialization. Portage. Wood. Waushara. Juneau. Green Lake. Adams. Marquette. Do you know the nutrient requirements of your horse?. Stage of Production Maintanance Work

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Equine Nutrition

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  1. Equine Nutrition Keith Vandervelde Marquette County Livestock Specialist

  2. Central Wisconsin Agricultural Specialization Portage Wood Waushara Juneau GreenLake Adams Marquette

  3. Do you know the nutrient requirements of your horse? • Stage of Production • Maintanance • Work • Lactation • Pregnancy • Early growth • Mature Size • Activity Level

  4. Equine Digestive System large colon stomach small intestine cecum descending colon esophagus hindgut foregut rectum • Mouth to anus = 100ft

  5. Equine Digestive System large colon stomach small intestine cecum descending colon esophagus hindgut foregut rectum • Mouth, esophagus, stomach = 3-4 feet • Stomach Capacity = 8-15 quarts

  6. Equine Digestive System large colon stomach small intestine cecum descending colon esophagus hindgut foregut rectum • Small intestine = 70 feet long • Small intestine capacity = 48 quarts

  7. Equine Digestive System large colon stomach small intestine cecum descending colon esophagus hindgut foregut rectum • Large intestine = 20 feet long • Large intestine capacity = 130 quarts

  8. Equine Digestive System large colon stomach small intestine cecum descending colon esophagus hindgut foregut rectum • Mouth breaks down food • Wets feed with saliva--3 gallons per day

  9. Equine Digestive System large colon stomach small intestine cecum descending colon esophagus hindgut foregut rectum • Stomach has 10% of the digestive system capacity • Therefore horses are constant grazers

  10. Equine Digestive System large colon stomach small intestine cecum descending colon esophagus hindgut foregut rectum • In the small intestine we: break down carbohydrates to glucose, proteins to amino acids, fats to free fatty acids, and add bicarbonate.

  11. DIGESTION • Total process = 65 hours • 15 minutes in the stomach • 1 hour in small intestine • 63 hours in large intestine DIGESTION

  12. NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS • Maintenance • Work • Lactation • Pregnancy • Early growth Based on 1100 lb. horse

  13. Maintenance Requirements • Mcal/day • 16.4 • Protein/day • 1.4 pounds

  14. WORKING REQUIREMENTS • Mcal/day • 28-30 • Protein/day • 2.8 lbs.

  15. NURSING REQUIREMENTS • Mcal/day • 28 • Protein/day • 12.5 % • 3 lbs.

  16. Pregnancy Requirements • Mcal/day • 18.4 last 3 months • 1 lb./day fetal growth • Protein/day • 1.5 lbs. first 8 months • 2 lbs.. Last 3 months

  17. Growing Horse Requirements • Mcal/day • Yearling-19 • 2 yr. old-22 • Protein/day • Yearling-14 % • 2 yr. old 10 %

  18. MEETING THE NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS • Maintenance • Work • Lactation • Pregnancy • Early growth

  19. Maintenance Requirements • Mcal/day • 16.4 • Protein/day • 1.4 pounds Alfalfa hay = 18 lbs. Or Orchard grass = 20 lbs. Suggested Ration:

  20. WORKING REQUIREMENTS • Mcal/day • 28-30 • Protein/day • 2.8 lbs. Suggested Ration: Alfalfa = 20 lbs. Oats= 8.5 lbs.

  21. NURSING REQUIREMENTS • Mcal/day • 28 • Protein/day • 12.5 % • 3 lbs. Suggested Ration: Alfalfa= 20 lbs Oats= 8 lbs

  22. Pregnancy Requirements • Mcal/day • 18.4 last 3 months • 1 lb./day fetal growth • Protein/day • 1.5 lbs. first 8 months • 2 lbs.. Last 3 months Suggested Ration: Alfalfa= 21 lbs

  23. Growing Horse Requirements • Mcal/day • Yearling-19 • 2 yr. old-22 • Protein/day • Yearling-14 % • 2 yr. old 10 % Suggested Ration: Alfalfa= 21 lbs

  24. COMMON FEEDSTUFF % DM Mcal/# % Protein Alfalfa 90 .94 18 Brome 89 .80 11 Orchard 88 .85 11 Straw 91 .70 4 Oats 89 1.3 12 Corn 88 1.5 9

  25. Balancing a Rationworksheet meeting requirementsNeeds: MC ProteinMaintenance 16.4 1.4 lbsBrome Hay Values .80 .11(feed 22 lbs) 17.6 Mc 2.4 lbsExcess 0.8 Mc 0.2 lbs

  26. Balancing a Rationworksheet meeting requirementsNeeds: MC ProteinWorking Horse 28 2.8Brome Hay .80 .11(feed 15 lbs) 12 Mc 1.2 lbsNEEDED 16 Mc 1.6 lbs

  27. Balancing A RationGrain Mix(50% corn x 50% Oat) Needs 16Mc 1.6 lbs Ration 1.4/lb 10.5%Amount= 16/1.4=11.4 lbs11.4x10.5=1.2Balancing 0 Short .4Need .4 lbs proteinSource 1 lb of Soybean mealIncrease amounts fed by 10% of DM

  28. MINERALS • Calcium--major source from roughage • Phosphorus--major source from grains • We want the calcium to phosphorus ratio at 1.5 • May consider for the area supplementing with Selenium

  29. VITAMINS • Vitamin A--from green grass and green hay • Vitamin D--from forage • Vitamin E--from forage • Vitamin K--from forage • Trace Mineral Salt should be fed free choice • Loose Salt Preferred to insure consumption

  30. Thank you for attending… FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTACT: Keith Vander Velde UW-Extension, Marquette Co. PO Box 338, Underwood Ave. Montello, Wi 53949 608-296-9153

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