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Life Cycles of Stars

Life Cycles of Stars. The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram. How Stars Form. Collapsing gas and dust cloud Protostar - mostly infrared. Main Sequence Stars. Brown Dwarf Red Dwarf Normal Star. All Objects Exist Because of a Balance Between Gravity and Some Other Force.

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Life Cycles of Stars

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  1. Life Cycles of Stars

  2. The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram

  3. How Stars Form • Collapsing gas and dust cloud • Protostar - mostly infrared

  4. Main Sequence Stars • Brown Dwarf • Red Dwarf • Normal Star

  5. All Objects Exist Because of a Balance Between Gravity and Some Other Force • People, Planets-Interatomic Forces • Normal Stars-Radiation • White Dwarfs-Electron Repulsion • Neutron Stars-Nuclear Forces • Black Holes-No Known Force

  6. How Stars Die • Main Sequence Stars Brighten With Age • The More Massive a Star, the Faster it Uses Fuel • Giant Phase • White Dwarf • Supernova • Neutron Star - Pulsar • Black Hole

  7. Historical Supernovae • 1006 - Chinese • 1054 - Chinese, European, Anasazi? • 1572 - Tycho’s Star • 1604 - Kepler’s Star • 1987 - Small Magellanic Cloud (170,000 l.y.)

  8. Life (Briefly!) Near a Supernova • Sun’s Energy Output = 77 billion megatons/second • Let’s relate that to human scales. What would that be at one kilometer distance? • 77 x 1015 tons/(150 x 106km)2 = 3 tons • Picture a truckload of explosives a km away giving off a one-second burst of heat and light to rival the Sun

  9. Now Assume the Sun Goes Supernova • Brightens by 100 billion times • Our 3 tons of explosive becomes 300,000 megatons • Equivalent to entire Earth’s nuclear arsenal going off one km away - every second • This energy output would last for days

  10. Planetary Systems • Protoplanetary Disks • Accretion of Planets • Expulsion and Migration of Planets • About 30 extrasolar planets known • Our Solar System may be unusual?

  11. Protoplanetary Disks in Orion

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