Engineering examples of unsustainable development continued..

1. Engineering examples of unsustainable development continued..

2. fuel GT gases to the Stack ST atmospheric air hot gases ST C cooling water Combined Power Plant

3. Combined Power Plant

4. Combined Power Plant

5. 50 – 64% of heat released by the fuel Energy wasted: Combined Power Plant Useful work output at GT & ST ηthermal = Heat released by fuel 36 – 50% = = for 300 to 600 MW plant

6. ST cooling water Nuclear Power Plant Containment CORE Control rods PWR Pressurized water C

7. Nuclear power plant to produce electricity R. Shanthini 15 Aug 2010

8. 66 – 69% of heat released by the fuel Energy wasted: Nuclear Power Plant Useful work output at ST ηthermal = Heat released by fuel = 31 – 34% = for 500 to 1100 MW plant

9. According to the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics when heat is converted into work, part of the heat energy must be wasted

10. 50% - 70% lost in producing electricity 2% - 20% lost in transmitting electricity Generation, transmission and end-use losses

11. Typical energy losses in an industrialised country Electric power sector 70% energy losses Transportation sector 80% energy losses Residential & Commercial sector 25% energy losses Industrial sector 20% energy losses

12. Discussion Point: Why oil, coal, natural gas and nuclear fuel are unsustainable?

13. Sustainable energy is energy which is replenishable within a human lifetime and causes no long-term damages to the environment. Source: http://www.jsdnp.org.jm/glossary.html

14. Nuclear Energy Current usage of uranium is about 65,000 t/yr.  The world's present measured resources of uranium in the cost category somewhat below present spot prices is about 5.5 Mt. They could last for over ??? years at the current usage rate. Nuclear waste and the retired nuclear plants could remain radioactive for hundreds of future generations. Source: http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf75.html

15. Fossil Energy Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2014

16. A user of a car always asks for some minimum requirements while using a car. - The drive should be smooth and easy - The car should maintain a good speed so as to cope up with other cars in traffic - Easy and fast refuelling of cars - A good mileage - Less pollution

17. Eff Eff TC - 1 = TH Carnot Vehicles mostly uses Internal Combustion Engines TH = Flame temperature (800oC) TC = Exhaust Temperature (40oC) 313 K = - 1 1073 K Carnot ≈ 71%

18. A Typical Car: Urban Driving Engine losses in fuel energy conversion, In engine cooling and with exhaust gases 63 kJ Driveline losses 6 kJ Fuel Energy 18 kJ Aerodynamic drags 2.5 kJ 100 kJ 12 kJ Rolling resistance 4 kJ 17 kJ Standby Idle 5.5 kJ Braking Energy for accessories 2 kJ Source: http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/atv.shtml

19. A Typical Car: Highway Driving Engine losses in fuel energy conversion, In engine cooling and with exhaust gases 69 kJ Driveline losses 5 kJ Fuel Energy 25 kJ Aerodynamic drags 11 kJ 100 kJ 20 kJ Rolling resistance 7 kJ 4 kJ Standby Idle 2 kJ Braking Energy for accessories 2 kJ Source: http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/atv.shtml

20. Discussion Point: Is there a problem in burning oil and coal to make electricity and to drive automobiles in such an inefficient manner? Take 10 mins.

21. March of the Penguins Erin Brockovich The Big Ask The Story of Stuff and more…. Fossil fuel use Carbon dioxide Global warming Climate change Kyoto protocol should be watched under parental care etc.