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Semi-deponent Verbs; Present Participles

Similarities to deponents:. Like deponent verbs, the semi-deponents also have 3 principal parts.Like deponents, the perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect tenses are only passive in Latin.Like deponents, they translate actively into English in these tenses.. Differences from deponents:. Unlike de

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Semi-deponent Verbs; Present Participles

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    1. Semi-deponent Verbs; Present Participles You learned recently about a type of verb called a deponent verb. This verb has only 3 principal parts, all of which are passive, and can be conjugated in Latin only in the passive voice. The English translations are always in the active voice. Now let’s learn about semi-deponent verbs.

    2. Similarities to deponents: Like deponent verbs, the semi-deponents also have 3 principal parts. Like deponents, the perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect tenses are only passive in Latin. Like deponents, they translate actively into English in these tenses.

    3. Differences from deponents: Unlike deponent verbs, the semi-deponents have active voice 1st and 2nd p. parts. This is because these verbs are active in Latin in the present, imperfect, and future tenses. They also translate into English in these tenses actively.

    4. Example: audeo, -ere, ausus sum – dare Pres.: audeo – I dare Imp.: audebam – I was daring Fut.: audebo – I shall dare Perf.: ausus, -a, -um sum – I have dared P. Perf.: ausus, -a, -um eram – I had dared F. Perf.: ausus, -a, -um ero – I shall have dared

    5. Participle Review Moving on to a different topic, recall please the perfect passive participle: amatus, -a, -um – (having been) loved This participle (verbal adjective) uses a verb to describe an action as having happened by the time of the action of the main verb. The beloved doll was lost. Before it was lost, the doll had been much loved.

    6. The Present Participle The present participle is also a verbal adjective, but its action occurs at the same time as the main verb. The loving child rewarded me with a smile. At the time I received the smile, the child was loving. The barking dog frightened me. At the time I became frightened, the dog was barking. The present participle always translates using –ing. Caution!!! Be careful to recognize that not everything with –ing is a present participle. The dog was barking. Here, barking is the actual verb, it is not an adjective!

    7. In Latin: In Latin, the present participle is formed by following this rule:

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