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Scientific Thinking Project SCI 120/11 The Stone-Breakers Maha Bahaa Lydia Hany Maryan Ragheb Kanzy Kandil.

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  1. Scientific Thinking ProjectSCI 120/11The Stone-BreakersMahaBahaaLydia HanyMaryanRaghebKanzyKandil

  2. The 1780's were a politically heated era, it witnessed the break of the French Revolution, the formation of the United States Constitution and the Anglo-American War. All Events that would change the world as we know it. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dVHN7i57LY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VQA5NDNkUM

  3. The Scientific World was engaged in another war that would also the Earth as we know it.

  4. Neptunists Vs. Plutonists. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FFWN5q8-qYs

  5. The whole thing started over a question: why were sea shells found on Mountain tops?

  6. Neptunists’Opinion: The Neptunists believed the answer to be that huge floods that submersed the entirety of the Earth could explain that…but if that is true, then where did all that water go?! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wDhaAWHjVRM

  7. The Plutonists’ Opinion : The Plutonists asked the same question…they believed that "internal" and "external" "forces" played a role in changing the Earth. What exactly did that mean? Well, they could not explain it yet.

  8. However, unlike most wars, this one did not lead to total destruction…Rather, it lead to the discovery of Planet Earth as we know it.

  9. At the core of the discovery of the Earth, was the question of how was it formed?

  10. Two new schools arose to answer that: Catastrophism Vs. Uniformatarianism. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WSSdcLvxlFE

  11. Catastrophists believed that the Earth was formed by catastrophic sudden events: such as floods, Earth quakes, Volcanoes…etc..etc… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OowFvnlWI90 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aUk6cPHIbSA

  12. Uniformatariansbelieved that the Earth was formed as a result of gradual, "uniform" processes that are still ongoing. That meant that the study of how the Earth was formed could be answered by studying the Earth now. This principal was foundational to the creation of the Science of Geology. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bf4iJvrAv-M http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZLJLFYXp-0Q

  13. And yet, uniformatarians at that could not explain adequately geological process such as the formation of mountains. Lyell, a uniformatarian and the FATHER OF GEOLOGY, believed that all basic animals have not changed since the dawn of the Earth.

  14. Despite that he was a big influence on Darwin. Darwin actually had Lyell's book with him on the Beagle voyage.

  15. While Darwin was busy discovering evolution, Geologists were trying to categorize rock formation through names that implied age. Evolution: Rock Cycle: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6rxVoJOkdUM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=faRlFsYmkeY

  16. But here is the problem, for Darwin's theory to work, he needed the Earth to be old…really old…older than anyone could grant him that time. So, how old was the Earth, according to the scientists of that era? Well it ranged from cryptic ages such as this "Ten thousand [and] more than ten thousand times ten thousand' years earlier. To an archbishop who was so sure that he said that Earth was created at midday on the 23rd of October 4004 B.C. to others to make accurate estimate, but never crossed the line of 24 million years!!!So how old is the Earth…Really? We now estimate it to be about 4.55 Billion years, more than any of the Fathers of geology could have ventured in the 1780's! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tM0yGP8tbYQ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_KQxzcBYwNc&feature=PlayList&p=E32016519D99E79E&playnext_from=PL&playnext=1&index=33

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