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Chapter 16/17: Immune system

Chapter 16/17: Immune system. Lab SSE Unknowns. Lecture Chapter 16: Nonspecific defenses First line of defense Formed elements Second line of defense Complement system Chapter 17: Specific defenses Antibodies Humoral response Cellular response. Immunity terminology.

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Chapter 16/17: Immune system

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  1. Chapter 16/17: Immune system Lab SSE Unknowns Lecture Chapter 16: Nonspecific defenses First line of defense Formed elements Second line of defense Complement system Chapter 17: Specific defenses Antibodies Humoral response Cellular response

  2. Immunity terminology Susceptibility- Lack of resistance to a disease Resistance/ immunity- Ability to ward off disease Innate (nonspecific) immunity- Resistance to all microbes; present from birth (can be species specific) Adaptive (specific) resistance- Resistance to a specific pathogen

  3. Host defense systems Figure 16.1 - Overview (1 of 3)

  4. First lines of defense (Table 16.3) Figure 16.3 Figure 16.2 Figure 16.4 (2 of 3)

  5. First line of defense- skin • Physical factors * Dermis and epidermis * Lots of keratin * Dry conditions, low temperature

  6. First line of defense- skin • Physical factors * Dermis and epidermis * Lots of keratin * Dry conditions, low temperature • Chemical factors * Sebum (includes fungistatic and bacteriostatic fatty acids) * Low pH * High salt * Lysozymes (sweat) * IgA (sweat)

  7. First line of defense- skin • Physical factors * Dermis and epidermis * Lots of keratin * Dry conditions, low temperature • Chemical factors * Sebum (includes fungistatic and bacteriostatic fatty acids) * Low pH * High salt * Lysozymes (sweat) * IgA (sweat) - Normal microbiota

  8. First line of defense- mucosal surfaces • Physical factors * Mucous production * Cilia * Hairs Trapped particles in mucus Cilia Goblet cells Ciliated cells Computer-enhanced

  9. First line of defense- mucosal surfaces • Physical factors * Mucous production * Cilia * Hairs Trapped particles in mucus Cilia Goblet cells Ciliated cells Computer-enhanced

  10. First line of defense- mucosal surfaces • Physical factors * Mucous production * Cilia * Hairs • Chemical factors * Lysozymes * Lactoferrin * Defensin (a and b) * IgA Trapped particles in mucus Cilia Goblet cells Ciliated cells Computer-enhanced

  11. First line of defense- mucosal surfaces • Physical factors * Mucous production * Cilia * Hairs • Chemical factors * Lysozymes * Lactoferrin * Defensin (a and b) * IgA • Normal microbiota Trapped particles in mucus Cilia Goblet cells Ciliated cells Computer-enhanced

  12. First line of defense- lacrimal apparatus • Physical factors * Tears • Chemical factors * Lysozyme * Defensin (b) * IgA

  13. Second line of defense: Formed Elements in Blood

  14. SEM of formed elements Bruce Wetzel (photographer). Harry Schaefer (photographer) National Cancer Institute

  15. Complete blood count (CBC)

  16. Self-study for Thursday 10/28/14 • Preview the following processes: • Phagocytosis • Fever • Inflammation • Complement proteins

  17. Second line of defense: Phagocytosis Figure 16.7 - Overview Figure 16.6

  18. Microbial evasion of phagocytosis

  19. Second line of defense: Fever • Usually set at 37° C • Some chemical signals set it higher • Cytokine interleukin-1 • Cytokine alpha-tumor necrosis factor • Prostoglandins reset hypothalamic thermostat

  20. Second line of defense: Inflammation • Chemicals released • Histamine • Kinins • Prostaglandins • Leukotrienes • Vasodilation 3. Increased permeability 4. Activation of acute phase proteins (5. Clot formation, abscess, tissue repair)

  21. Inflammation- chemical signals

  22. Inflammation MORE DETAIL: Vasodilation/ increased Permeability - Margination WBCs - Emigration WBCs Activation of acute- phase proteins - Cytokines - Kinins - Complement proteins - (Interferons)

  23. Complement system

  24. Pit stop People with Rhinovirus infections of the nose and throat have an 80-fold increase in kinins and no increase in histamine. What do you expect for Rhinovirus symptoms? What disease is caused by Rhinovirus?

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