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Isomerism : Constitutional isomers , Stereoisomers .

Isomerism : Constitutional isomers , Stereoisomers . • Isomers Structural isomer : same composition, but different atom connectivity Stereo isomer : same atom connectivity, but different Spatial arrangement of atoms.

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Isomerism : Constitutional isomers , Stereoisomers .

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  1. Isomerism: Constitutional isomers, Stereoisomers. D-Najlaaalradadi

  2. •IsomersStructural isomer:same composition, but different atom connectivityStereo isomer: same atom connectivity, but different Spatial arrangement of atoms D-Najlaaalradadi

  3. Molecules that have the same chemical composition but differ in structural composition is called isomersand called this property isomerism D-Najlaaalradadi

  4. Items appear transitional property isomerism very clearly so we will talk about the different types of isomerism D-Najlaaalradadi

  5. isomerism spatial Position Geometric Isomerism Ionization Isomerism Hydrate Isomerism Optical Isomerism Linkage Isomerism Monomer Isomerism Coordination Isomerism Coordination Position Isomerism Ligand Isomerism D-Najlaaalradadi

  6. * Isomerism water and Isomerism ion in the cationic complexes. * Isomerism Linkage -communication- in ionic and cationic complexes. * Isomerism monomer in the netural complexes. D-Najlaaalradadi

  7. 1) Position (Structural) Isomerism : 1-1)Ionization Isomerism : This type of isomerism found in the case of anion exchange between the metal ion is associated in the area of ​​consistency with the anion in the domain outside of the overlay. Example : SO4[Cr(NH3)5Br]Br ‚ [Cr(NH3)5SO4] + + AgBr[Cr(NH3)5SO4] Br + AgNO3[Cr(NH3)5SO4] 2+ + BaSO4[Cr(NH3)5Br] SO4 + Ba(NO3)2[Cr(NH3)5Br] D-Najlaaalradadi

  8. For example: pentaaminebromidocobalt(III)sulphate[Co(NH3)5Br]SO4is red violet and in solution gives a precipitate with barium chloride, confirming the presence of sulphate ion, while pentaaminesulphatecobalt(III)bromide [Co(NH3)5SO4]Bris red and tests negative for sulphate ion in solution, but instead gives a precipitate of AgBr with silver nitrate. D-Najlaaalradadi

  9. In one example the choloride is bound to the cobalt and bromide is the counter ion. In the other coordination isomer the bromide is coordinated to the cobalt and chloride is the counter ion. D-Najlaa alradadi

  10. 1-2)Hydrate Isomerism : In complexes where there are a number of water molecules may have more than one similar because the water molecule can exist in the coordination field or found in the crystal lattice, for example, when we pass hydrogen chloride in a solution of chrome alum record consists of newly Cl3[Cr(H2O)6] violet compound The nomination of this compound and adding ether saturated with hydrogen chloride to the filtrate gives a pale green compound Cl2.H2O[Cr(H2O)5Cl] D-Najlaaalradadi

  11. While if Reduction hexa oxide chromium by acid HCl concentration, and left the solution for a Cl.2H2O[Cr(H2O)4Cl2]composite consisting Dark green and solutions of these newly prepared Similar complexes with silver nitrate to give all, two-thirds, one third of the existing chloride, respectively. D-Najlaaalradadi

  12. For example: [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3is violet[Cr(H2O)5Cl]Cl2.H2O is blue-green[Cr(H2O)4Cl2]Cl.2H2O is dark green. D-Najlaaalradadi

  13. 1-3)Linkage Isomerism : There is this kind of isomerism when the coordination group contains the two atoms or more can be consistent with the central atom, such as for example a group (nitrite) can be linked through the nitrogen atom, known as nitro or linked through an oxygen atom known as (nitrito) such as : • nitritopentaammine Cobalt (III) ChloridenitropentaammineCobalt (III) Chloride (read)(yellow) D-Najlaaalradadi

  14. Linkage isomers contain the same ligands but one or more of the ligands are coordinated to the metal through a different atoms. These ligands are said to be bidentate. D-Najlaaalradadi

  15. In other words, Are compounds that have the same chemical formula but differ in the type of maize related to the central atom [Cr(SCN)6](NH4)3 [Cr(NCS)6]3(NH4) D-Najlaaalradadi

  16. 1-4) Monomer Isomerism : In the case of neutral complexes n=1[pt(NH3)2Cl2] n=2[ptCl4][pt(NH3)4] • [ptCl3(NH3)][pt(NH3)3Cl] Are compounds with the complications of the values ​​of n and have the same atoms in them. D-Najlaaalradadi

  17. 1-5) Coordination Isomerism : If the complex on the anions and cations in the same compound, the complex the isomers differ only in the place of harmony between the groups, anions and .cations or other words, is a compounds with the same chemical formula but differ in the quality associated with that is connected to atom central and usually contains two atoms in the center . D-Najlaaalradadi

  18. As in the following examples : D-Najlaaalradadi

  19. this occurs when both positive and negative ions of a salt are complex ions and the two isomers differ in the distribution of ligands between the cation and the anion. For example: [Co(NH3)6][Cr(CN)6] and [Cr(NH3)6][Co(CN)6] D-Najlaaalradadi

  20. 1-6) Coordination Position Isomerism : Is a complexes have the same chemical formula but differ in the number of ligands that connect to each central atom where the substitution between them. D-Najlaa alradadi

  21. Example : D-Najlaa alradadi

  22. 1-7) Ligand Isomerism : Arises from the presence of the same form inside ligand . Example : D-Najlaa alradadi

  23. 2-Spatial Isomerism : 2-1)Geometric Isomerism : In this type of isomerism , the coordination groups (ligands) arrange themselves in different places for the atom central If we take, for example, compound (M a2 b2) in the installation (Square planar), this compound have 2 isomers (I), (II) as the following: D-Najlaa alradadi

  24. However, if complex the symbol [M abcd] means that the coordination of the four different groups in the same (Square planar), the installation of this compound can be found in three different arrangements which is has three isomers D-Najlaa alradadi

  25. Composition of regular quartet (Tetrahedral) of the complexes [M a2b2] or [M abcd] can be found only in a single image and does not have isomers. D-Najlaa alradadi

  26. cis-trans isomers occurs in octahedral and square planar complexes (but not tetrahedral). D-Najlaaalradadi

  27. Elements that are found in complexes isomers cis - trans is a nickel models, especially with (unsymmetrical glyoximes) as in the following figure: • R = CH3‚ R = CH2C6H5 − D-Najlaaalradadi

  28. Coordination number 5 : Trigonalbipyramidal Square pyramidal D-Najlaaalradadi

  29. Gives more pictures engineering at coordination the different groups [MA3B2], and there are three geometric shapes of this complexes is as follows: D-Najlaaalradadi

  30. Gives more geometric pictures at different ligands[MA3B2] Axial Diagonal D-Najlaaalradadi

  31. As an example of complexes that take installation (regular octahedron) complex the [CoCl2(NH3)4] which has the composition [MX4L2] There is tow isomers cis and trans, as in the following figure: cis-[CoCl2(NH3)4]+ trans-[CoCl2(NH3)4]+ D-Najlaaalradadi

  32. (Cr - Cl) a determination that the double polar chlorine electronegativitymore of chromium and thus pulls .electrons part How can I differentiate between them? Measurement methods are determined, we find the polar double that if Trans (outcome = zero), while cis (outcome = a specific value). D-Najlaaalradadi

  33. complex octahydral of the type [MA3B3] has tow isomers geometric first is called (facial) or abbreviated (fac) and like the second is called (meridional) or abbreviated (mer) in the like first try to list the coordination groups so that for every set (A) group of the other type (B) which is on each of the three axes (x, y, z) tow coordination groups different (a , B) and thus we get the form (a) There are other arrangement is that there are two sets coordination groups of the same type on an axis and not the center of (x) and two sets of the other type on the axis (y). ( a) (facial) (-fac) (b) (meridional)(mer-) D-Najlaaalradadi

  34. Does not remain then only be set (A) remaining on the tip of the third axis (z) the coordination group (B) and thus we get the form (b): ( a) (facial) (-fac) (b) (meridional)(mer-) D-Najlaaalradadi

  35. Examples of this type of complexes Gelesinat triple chrome (Ш) (mer-) (fac-) D-Najlaaalradadi

  36. fac-[CoCl3(NH3)3] mer-[CoCl3(NH3)3] D-Najlaaalradadi

  37. 2-2)Optical Isomerism : [CoCl2(en)2]+ dichiorobis(ethylenediamine)Cobalt(III) This has complex tow isomers (cis) ,(trans) . (form - trans) (form - cis) Not Active optical Active optical (form - l) (form - d) D-Najlaaalradadi

  38. To know is there for them or one similar to light or not? We have to draw a mirror image of each. The next step is to try to put the image of the original shape of the mirror is clear that the Trans-like applies to the mirror image-like while (cis) does not apply to his mirror image. D-Najlaaalradadi

  39. If you like Trans have a molecule level of symmetry or center of symmetry in the sense that if you put a mirror perpendicular to the line or association (Cl - Cl), it divides the molecule into two halves, each a mirror of the last words located at the same level of mirror Dividing into halves are identical or if we we dropped a column of the chlorine atom at xy)) then extended the line to be an equal distance to find the same atom of any atom of chlorine in the other side of the level in this case, the molecule ion or similar and then apply the original image on the mirror image . D-Najlaaalradadi

  40. Like (cis) therefore not similar if started from the chlorine atom, which on the axis (z) and brought down the column at (xy) and continued the line to a distance equal level of chlorine atom .will not find another the like (cis) rotates the plane of polarized light to the right is called (d, dextro) runs the mirror image plane of polarized light to the left and the so-called (L, levo) D-Najlaaalradadi

  41. Like (cis) and his mirror image, called together a double optical (enantiomericpaie) ionic complexes [CoCl2(en)2]+, there has tow geometrical isomers one rotates the plane of polarized light and therefore has a similar light, there is complex of the three isomers. (form - trans) (form - cis) D-Najlaaalradadi

  42. The study of ion composition shows that, despite that this ion has no geometric isomers, but it can be found in the two images (a) and (b) as follows because it lacks the level of parity. (b)isomermirror(a)isomer D-Najlaaalradadi

  43. Optical isomerism occurs when a molecule is not superimposable with its mirror image. D-Najlaaalradadi

  44. The symbol Λ (lambda):is used as a prefix to describe the left-handed propeller twist formed by three bidentateligands, as shown.Likewise, the symbol Δ (delta): is used as a prefix for the right-handed propeller twist. D-Najlaaalradadi

  45. Δ-[Fe(ox)3]3− Λ-[Fe(ox)3]3− D-Najlaaalradadi

  46. Δ-cis-[CoCl2(en)2]+ Λ-cis-[CoCl2(en)2]+ D-Najlaaalradadi

  47. (i) cis-isomers of octahedral complexes with 2 bidentateligands and 2 monodentateligands(cis-bischelates). D-Najlaaalradadi

  48. . (ii)octahedral complexes with 3 bidentateligands(trischelates) D-Najlaaalradadi

  49. 1- Optical symmetry is achieved provided that apply to two photos on each other any deviation occurs for light polarized to the right or left . 2- There is no symmetry of the optical image of engineering Trans. If the complex on three ligandsbidentate , such as [Co(en)3]3+ in this case resides in the image of overlapping geometric one, but have a similar light. D-Najlaaalradadi

  50. * What kind of similarity between each pair of the following compounds? Cl.H2O[COCl2(en)2]Cl2 and [COCl(H2O)(en)2] Cl2[ptBr2(NH3)4] Br2 and [ptCL2(NH3)4] (NO3)2[CO(NH3)5NCS]2 and (NO3)[CO(NH3)5SCN] * Determined using the methods of measuring the polar dual how you can differentiate between the two forms of Cis and Trans complex [Co(en)2Br2]Cl ? * Draw all isomers possible for the following complexes?[Ni(NH3)(H2O)2Br2][Cr(NH3)4Cl2]+ * What are the different methods used to differentiate between the two forms of Cis and Trans complex [Co(en)2Cl2]+ ? D-Najlaaalradadi

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