Highlight: Headings Vocabulary Important Information

1. Types of Tissues Highlight: Headings Vocabulary Important Information

2. Terminology • Tissues – group of cells that carry out specialized activities • Histo = Tissue • …ology = study of • Pathologists– Study of cells and tissue; diseased • Patho = disease

3. Four Main Types • Epithelial • Body surfaces, hollow organs, glands • Connective • Binds organs together, energy reserves for fat • Muscle • Movement and force application • Nervous • Stimulates action potential to activate body functions

4. 1. Epithelial Tissue Functions: Protection, Filtration, Secretion, Absorption, and Excretion Divisions: • Covering andLining 2.Glandular Epithelium

5. Tissue Arrangements Layer Arrangement Simple Stratified Pseudostratified Single Layer Two or More layers One layer of mixed cells Osmosis, Diffusion, Absorption, Secretion Mucus Secretion And Movement Protect underlying tissues In areas of wear and tear

6. Cell Shapes Cell Shapes Squamous Cuboidal Columnar Transitional Flat Thick Cubed Tall, Cylindrical Varies

8. A. Simple Squamous • Function: Filtration, diffusion, osmosis, and secretion in serous membranes • Location: Kidneys Glomeruli (water, glucose, and wastes), Air Sac (Alveoli) of Lungs (Gas Exchange), Heart and Blood Vessels (Nutrients & Medicine)

9. B. Simple Cuboidal • Function: Secretion and Absorption • Location: Kidney Tubules (Wastes), Ovary Surface (Ova)

10. C. Ciliated Simple Columnar • Function: Moves fluids and particles along passageways • Location: Found in respiratory tract (mucosal Movement), fallopian tubes (Ova movement), sinuses (Pathogen removal→ Runny Nose) Cilia

11. C. Non-Ciliated Columnar • Function: Microvilli secretion and Absorption • Location: GI tract lining (Absorption of nutrients and water) & Gallbladder (Secretion of Bile)

13. Complex Cell Arrangements

14. A. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium • Functions: Mucus movement by cilia action • Location: Found in upper respiratory tract and urethra, and gonads of males (Sperm maturation)

15. B. Stratified Squamous • Functions: Protection of superficial layers of skin; vagina, mouth, esophagus, tongue • Location: • Keratinized = Superficial Layers of Skin • Non-Keratinized = Wet Surfaces (Mouth, Vagina, Tongue)

16. C. Stratified Cuboidal • Functions:Protection and limited secretion of sweat glands • Location:Sudoriferous Glands (SWEAT)

17. D. Transitional Epithelium • Function: Accommodate Distension in the urinary tract and vaginal walls as fluid pressures vary. • Stretched = Squamous • Relaxed = Cuboidal   • Location: Lining of the ureters, urethra, and bladder

18. 2. Connective Tissue Binds organs together, energy reserves for fat

19. Hyaline Cartilage Cardiac Muscle Skeletal Muscle Tissue Areolar Loose Con. Tissue Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Adipose Loose Con. Tissue Nervous Tissue Stratified Squamous Epithelium Smooth Muscle Tissue Bone Connective Tissue

20. Bone Tissue Calcium Haversian Canal Compact vs. Spongy • Provides for support, Movement-Marrow (blood-forming)

21. Cartilage

22. Chondrocyte Ground Substance Lacuna • Extremely strong, but very flexible and elastic • Smooth surface for reduction of friction • Movement of Joints, Flexibility • Support (Trachea), Ossification

23. Fibrocartilage • Extremely tough • Acts as a shock absorber • Ex: ball and socket joints, • intervertebraldisc

24. Elastic Cartilage • Abundance of elastin for stretching capability • Nose, Ears, epiglottis, larynx

25. Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue

26. Dense, Closely packed collagen fibers that provide high tensile strength • Strong attachment for Tendons (Muscle to Bone), Ligaments (Bone to Bone)

27. Loose Connective Tissue

28. Fibroblasts Elastin Collagen • Provides strength, elasticity, and support to subcutaneous layer and pappilary regions of skin • Consists of Collagen, Elastic, Reticular fibers

29. Nucleus Fat Storage Blood Vessel Insulation Energy Reserves

30. Adipose Fat (White): • Used for insulation, energy reserve, fat storage

31. Adipose Fat (Brown): • Generates body heat in newborns that do not shiver • After infants grow up, most of the mitochondria (gives the brown color) disappears, becomes similar to white fat. • Recent Research=brown fat is related not to white fat, but to skeletal muscle

32. Loose Conn. TissueReticular Cartilage • Reticular – Form covering of many internal organs (Stroma)

33. Blood • Oxygen Transport • Clotting (platelets) • Immunity (WBC’s) • Nutrient delivery

34. 3. Muscle Tissue Movement and force application

35. Cardiac Muscle • Composes the heart wall • Functions in pumping blood to all parts of the body • Intercalated discs contain Gap Junctions (Communication) & Desmosomes (Anchor)

36. Skeletal Muscle Tissue • Attached to bones by tendons • Functions in body movements, posture, thermogenesis • Only Muscle tissue controlled voluntarily

37. Smooth Muscle Tissue • Forms walls of many internal organs ie: Stomach, GI tract, Uterus, Anus • Functions in motion of internal organs

38. 4. Nervous Tissue

39. Consists of Neuron and Neuroglia • Neuron – Conversion from stimulus response to action potential (Sensory, Motor, Interneuron) • Dendrites – Reacts to stimuli • Axons – Conductor of impulse Axon Dendrite Nucleus

40. Sad? Need a Tissue?

41. Hyaline Cartilage Cardiac Muscle Skeletal Muscle Tissue Areolar Loose Con. Tissue Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Adipose Loose Con. Tissue Nervous Tissue Stratified Squamous Epithelium Smooth Muscle Tissue Bone Connective Tissue

42. SIMPLE SQUAMOUS SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM PSEUDO-STRATIFIED CILIATED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM DENSE REGULAR FIBROUS TISSUE (TENDON)