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Chapter 68

Chapter 68. Childhood Immunization. Immunizations. Purpose is to protect against infectious diseases Most effective method is to create a highly immune population Universal vaccine is the goal Vaccines carry risk, but risks of disease are much greater. General Considerations. Definitions

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Chapter 68

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  1. Chapter 68 Childhood Immunization

  2. Immunizations • Purpose is to protect against infectious diseases • Most effective method is to create a highly immune population • Universal vaccine is the goal • Vaccines carry risk, but risks of disease are much greater

  3. General Considerations • Definitions • Vaccine • Killed vaccines vs. live vaccines • Toxoid • Vaccination • Immunization; active vs. passive • Specific immune globulins

  4. General Considerations • Reporting vaccine-preventable disease • Determine whether an outbreak is occurring • Evaluate prevention and control strategies • Evaluate the impact of national immunization policies and practices

  5. General Considerations • Immunization records • National Childhood Vaccine Act of 1986 requires a permanent record of each mandated vaccination • Date of vaccination • Route and site of vaccination • Vaccine type, manufacturer, lot number, expiration date • Name, address, title of person administering the vaccine • Reason for record • To ensure appropriate vaccination • To avoid overvaccination

  6. General Considerations • Adverse effects of immunization • Immunocompromised children are at special risk from live vaccines • Congenital immunodeficiency • HIV infection • Leukemia • Lymphoma • Generalized malignancy • Therapy with radiation • Cytotoxic anticancer drugs • High-dose glucocorticoids

  7. Target Diseases • Measles • Mumps • Rubella • Diphtheria • Tetanus (lockjaw) • Pertussis (whooping cough) • Poliomyelitis (polio or infantile paralysis)

  8. Target Diseases • Haemophilus influenzae type b • Varicella (chickenpox) • Hepatitis B • Hepatitis A • Pneumococcal infection • Meningococcal infection • Influenza • Rotavirus gastroenteritis • Genital human papillomavirus infection

  9. Specific Vaccines and Toxoids • Measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine (MMR) • Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) • Poliovirus vaccine • H. influenzae type b conjugate vaccine

  10. Specific Vaccines and Toxoids • Varicella virus vaccine • Hepatitis B vaccine • Hepatitis A vaccine • Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine • Meningococcal conjugate vaccine • Influenza vaccine • Rotavirus vaccine • Human papillomavirus vaccine

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