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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION

Multiple socio-demographic and socio-environmental characteristics are correlated with major patterns of dietary intake in adolescents. Gretchen J. Cutler, PhD, MPH: University of Minnesota (UMN) Andrew Flood, PhD: UMN Peter J. Hannan, MStat: UMN Dianne Neumark-Sztainer, PhD, MPH, RD: UMN.

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION

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  1. Multiple socio-demographic and socio-environmental characteristics are correlated with major patterns of dietary intake in adolescents Gretchen J. Cutler, PhD, MPH: University of Minnesota (UMN) Andrew Flood, PhD: UMN Peter J. Hannan, MStat: UMN Dianne Neumark-Sztainer, PhD, MPH, RD: UMN JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Cutler GJ, et al, J Am Diet Assoc. 2011; 111 (February).

  2. Multiple socio-demographic and socio-environmental characteristics are correlated with major patterns of dietary intake in adolescents Background • Adolescent dietary intake has customarily been examined in terms of single foods or nutrients, but… • Dietary pattern analysis has recently emerged as an important alternative to these traditional methods • Dietary pattern approach has intuitive appeal: • Human diet does not consist of a single nutrient or food, but instead represents a complex set of highly correlated dietary exposures • Statistical methods such as factor analysis often used • Dietary pattern analysis can be a useful technique to summarize dietary intake • Few studies have examined dietary patterns in adolescents, especially in the United States JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Cutler GJ, et al.J Am Diet Assoc. 2011; 111 (February).

  3. Multiple socio-demographic and socio-environmental characteristics are correlated with major patterns of dietary intake in adolescents Aim Investigate cross-sectional and prospective relationships between baseline socio-demographic and socio-environmental characteristics and habitual dietary patterns identified at baseline and five years later JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Cutler GJ, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2011; 111 (February).

  4. Multiple socio-demographic and socio-environmental characteristics are correlated with major patterns of dietary intake in adolescents Serum Vitamin C (mg/dl) by Salad Intake Project EAT (Eating Among Teens) • Study of socio-environmental, personal and behavioral determinants of dietary intake and weight status among a large and ethnically diverse adolescent population • 31 middle and high schools in Minneapolis, Osseo and St. Paul school districts • EAT-I (Time 1) - 1998-1999 (n=4746) • EAT-II (Time 2) - 2003-2004 (n=2516) JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Cutler GJ, et al.J Am Diet Assoc. 2011; 111 (February).

  5. Multiple socio-demographic and socio-environmental characteristics are correlated with major patterns of dietary intake in adolescents Serum Vitamin C (mg/dl) by Salad Intake Dietary Intake • Assessed at Time 1 and Time 2 using the Youth/Adolescent Questionnaire (YAQ) • Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) based on the Nurses’ Health Study Questionnaire • Provides frequency of consumption data on 152 foods • Participants reporting energy intake > 7,000 kcal/day or < 400 kcal/day were excluded JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Cutler GJ, et al.J Am Diet Assoc. 2011; 111 (February).

  6. Multiple socio-demographic and socio-environmental characteristics are correlated with major patterns of dietary intake in adolescents Serum Vitamin C (mg/dl) by Salad Intake Statistical Analysis (identifying dietary patterns) • Principal components factor analysis • Proc Factor, SAS version 8.2 • Run separately by cohort (older/younger) and gender (male/female) • Data on usual diet from the YAQ • Time 1 & Time 2 JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Cutler GJ, et al.J Am Diet Assoc. 2011; 111 (February).

  7. Multiple socio-demographic and socio-environmental characteristics are correlated with major patterns of dietary intake in adolescents Serum Vitamin C (mg/dl) by Salad Intake Statistical Analysis (examining correlates) • Multivariable linear regression • All models run separately by age and gender • Proc GLM, SAS version 8.2 • Dependent variable = Factor Scores for identified dietary patterns • Time 1: vegetable, fruit, sweet & salty snack food, starchy food • Time 2: vegetable, fruit, vegetable & fruit, sweet & salty snack food, starchy food, fast food Cutler GJ, et al.J Am Diet Assoc. 2011; 111 (February). JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION

  8. Multiple socio-demographic and socio-environmental characteristics are correlated with major patterns of dietary intake in adolescents Independent Variables • Socio-demographic • Race/ethnicity • Socioeconomic status (SES) • Socio-environmental • Parental support for healthy eating • Peer support for healthy eating • Family meal frequency • Availability of healthy and unhealthy foods at home JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Cutler GJ, et al.J Am Diet Assoc. 2011; 111 (February).

  9. Multiple socio-demographic and socio-environmental characteristics are correlated with major patterns of dietary intake in adolescents Serum Vitamin C (mg/dl) by Salad Intake Results • SES, frequency of family meal, home availability of healthy food, paternal and peer support for healthy eating • Positively associated with healthier patterns • Vegetable, fruit, starchy food • Inversely associated with unhealthy patterns • Sweet & salty snack food, fast food JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Cutler GJ, et al.J Am Diet Assoc. 2011; 111 (February).

  10. Multiple socio-demographic and socio-environmental characteristics are correlated with major patterns of dietary intake in adolescents Conclusion • Study results indicate the influence that environmental factors can have on the overall quality of adolescent dietary intake. • Food and nutrition professionals should assess the environment surrounding adolescents, including the availability of healthy and unhealthy food in the home, frequency of family meals, and the level of support for healthy eating that they receive from their parents and peers. • Parents should be encouraged to make improvements to the healthfulness of food available in their home, to increase the frequency of family meals, and to show adolescents their support and concern for healthy eating. JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Cutler GJ, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2011; 111 (February).

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