Monday, August 22 nd , 2011

1. Monday, August 22nd, 2011 • Chapter 5: Renaissance and Reformation • Section 1: The Renaissance • Please complete the Reading Checks on page: 158 and 160.

2. What were the characteristics of the Italian Renaissance? • A worldly viewpoint and increasing wealth brought renewed interest in ancient culture and a belief that a well-rounded individuals should be capable of achievements in many areas.

3. 2. How did the Visconti and Sforza become powerful in Milan? • Worked to build a strong centralized state and created an efficient tax system that brought in enormous revenues for the government.

4. Warm Up • Your task: You are a visitor to London in 1348, write home describing the city just before the plague. • OR…… • Write home asking for help, you are stuck in London at the start of the plague, what can you do to protect yourself? Should you go home?

5. Wednesday, August 24th • Please complete the Reading Check on page: 163. • Chapter 5: Renaissance and Reformation • Section 1: The Renaissance

6. 1. Why was The Prince an important work on political power? • Machiavelli rejected the ethical side of a prince’s activity. He was among the first to abandon morality as the basis for the analysis of political activity.

7. 2. How was the Renaissance noble different from the medieval knight? • In addition to being a warrior, he must also gain a classical education and adorn his life with the arts.

8. Objective • Chapter 5: Renaissance and Reformation • Section 1: The Renaissance • Course of Study: Students will be able to describe the characteristics of the Renaissance, and the political and social structure of Renaissance society. • Activity: Machiavelli The Prince

9. Vocabulary • Secular • Urban Society • Renaissance • Dowry • The Prince

10. Questions to Answer….. • What was the Renaissance? • What was the city-state that was led by a group of wealthy merchant-aristocrats? • Machiavelli encouraged rulers and would-be rulers to believe in what? • What should a noble do, according to Castiglone’s book, The Book of the Courtier? • What was the third estate made up of?

11. Italian Renaissance Page 157 • The word renaissance means rebirth. A number of people who lived in Italy between 1350-1500 believed that they had witnessed a rebirth of the ancient Greek and Roman worlds. • First, Renaissance Italy was largely an urban society, city-centered. • As the Middle Ages progressed, powerful city-states became the centers of Italian political, economic, and social life.

12. Italian Renaissance Continue • Within the growing urban society, a secular, or worldly, viewpoint emerged as increasing wealth created new possibilities for the enjoyment of material things. • Second, the Renaissance was an age of recovery from the disasters of the fourteenth century such as the plague, political instability and a decline of Church powers.

13. Third, a new view of human beings emerged as people in the Italian Renaissance began to emphasize individual ability. • For example, Leonardo da Vinci was a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and mathematician.

14. The Renaissance was all of the following: an urban society, an age of recovery from the plagues, political upheaval, and decline of Church authority, and a higher regard for the value of the individual human.

15. The Italian States Page 158 • During the Middle Ages, Italy had failed to develop a centralized monarchical state. • The lack of a single strong ruler made it possible for a number of city-states in northern and central Italy to remain independent. • Three of them- Milan, Venice, and Florence-expanded and played crucial roles in Italian politics. • Venice was led by a group of wealthy merchant- aristocrats.

16. Machiavelli and the New Statecraft • No one gave better expression to the Italians’ love affair with political power than Niccolo Machiavelli. • His book, The Prince, is one of the most influential works on political power in the Western world. • Machiavelli encouraged rulers and would-be rulers to believe that human nature was self-centered. • He was among the first to abandon morality as the basis for analyzing political activity.

17. Tuesday, August 23rd 2011 • Please complete the “Science, Technology, and Society” reading and question on page: 162. • Chapter 5 Section 1: The Renaissance

18. Why do you think the printing of books encouraged people’s desire to gain knowledge? • Printing made books much more common and less expensive. More people would see them and want to know what was in them.

19. Renaissance Society • By 1500, nobles, old and new, again dominated society. • By this time, the noble, or aristocrat, was expected to fulfill certain ideals. • These ideals were clearly expressed in The Book of the Courtier, written by the Italian Baldassare Castiglione in 1528. • According to this book, a noble should: fulfill certain ideals, perform military exercises, and gain a classical education.

20. Peasants and Townspeople • In the Middle Ages, peasants had made up the overwhelming mass of the third estate. • The third estate was made up of all of the following: peasants, artisans, and merchants. • To maintain the family, parents carefully arranged marriages, often to strengthen business or family ties. • The most important aspect of the marriage contract was the size of the dowry, a sum of money given to the groom by the wife’s family.

21. Family and Marriage • The father-husband was the center of the Italian family. he gave it his name, managed all finances, and made the decisions that determined his children’s lives. • In Renaissance Italy, children did not become adults on reaching a certain age. • Instead, adulthood came to children when their fathers went before a judge and formally freed them.

22. Please complete the Reading Checks on page 165. • Chapter 5 Section 2: The Intellectual and Artistic Renaissance

23. 1. Why is Petrarch called the father of Italian Renaissance humanist? • Looked for forgotten Latin manuscripts; began the humanist emphasis on using pure classical Latin as opposed to medieval Latin.

24. 2. What literary format does Chaucer use to portray English society? • Collection of stories told by a group of 29 pilgrims journeying to the tomb of Saint Thomas a Becket at Canterbury, England.

25. The Intellectual and Artistic Renaissance • Objective: Students will understand the intellectual movements of humanism and be able to identify the major artistic and accomplishments of the artistic Renaissance. • Course of Study: 1 • Guided Reading 5.1

26. Vocabulary • Classical • Humanism • Fresco • Michelangelo • The Divine Comedy

27. Question to Answer….. • What did the Renaissance artists of northern Europe paint? • What three painters are associated with the High Renaissance? • Paintings and sculptures of the Renaissance were more like what? • What did the Humanist educators stress? • What were Renaissance women educated in?

28. Italian Renaissance Humanism • Secularism, and an emphasis on the individual characterized the Renaissance. • A key intellectual movement of the Renaissance was humanism. • Humanists studied subjects like grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history. • Humanist educators stressed: liberal arts, physical education, and rhetoric.

29. Petrarch has been called the father of Italian Renaissance humanism. • He looked for forgotten Latin manuscripts. • He described his intellectual life, as a life of solitude. In the early 1400s, however, humanists began to take a new interest in civic life. • They believed that it was the duty of intellectuals to live active lives.

30. Literature • Because of the humanists’ emphasis on classical Latin, scholars, lawyers, and theologians used it. • Classical is a form of Latin used in ancient Romans. • In the 14c., the works of Dante became very popular. Dante was an Italian author. • His masterpiece is the Divine Comedy. • This is the story of the soul’s journey to salvation.

31. Education • Renaissance humanists believed that education could change people. • Humanists believed that the liberal studies that would help people reach their full potential. • Women normally did not attend the humanist schools. • Renaissance women were educated in religion and morals.

32. Artistic Renaissance In Italy • Renaissance artists tried to imitate nature in their works. • They wanted the objects and events they portrayed to look real. These artistic also developed a new worldview in which human beings became the focus of attention. • Many early masterpieces were painted on fresco, which is a painting done on fresh, wet plaster.

33. Paintings and sculptures of the Renaissance were more realistic. • The final stage of Italian Renaissance paintings is called the High Renaissance. • It flourished between 1490-1520, The three artistic giants were Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo. • Michelangelo painted the Sistine Chapel ceiling.

34. Northern Artistic Renaissance • The artists of northern Europe were also interested in portraying the world realistically. • Northern artists painted illustrations for books and wooden panels for altarpieces. • By the 1500s, northern artists had begun to study in Italy and were influenced by Italian artists.

35. Please begin the Reading Check on Page 166 and 168

36. How did a humanist education prepare a student for life? • Enabled individuals to reach their full potential; liberal education produced individuals who followed a path virtue and wisdom.

37. How did Renaissance paintings differ from medieval paintings. • Medieval paintings appeared flat and lifeless; in Renaissance paintings, perspective gave the illusion of depth and individual people were realistically portrayed.

38. Name the three Italian artists most closely associated with the High Renaissance? • Leonardo da Vinci, Rapheal, and Michelangelo.

39. 1. How did Erasmus pave the way for the Reformation? • He criticized the abuses in the Church along with other aspects of his society and called for reform.

40. 2. What was the Modern Devotion? • A mystical movement that rejected dogma and instead stressed the need to follow the teachings of Jesus.

41. Objective: • Chapter 5 Section 3: The Protestant Reformation • Objective: Student will understand the development of Protestantism. • Course of Study: 1

42. Please complete the reading checks on page: 172 and 173. • Chapter 5: The Renaissance • Section 3: The Protestant Reformation

43. How did Erasmus pave the way for the Reformation • He criticized the abuses in the Church along with other aspects of his society and called for reform.

44. What was the Modern Devotion? • A mystical movement that rejected dogma and instead stressed the need to follow the teaching of Jesus.

45. Vocabulary • Salvation • The Ninety-Five Theses • Holy Roman Emperor • Indulgence • Christian Humanism

46. Question to Answer • 1. Name all the lands Charles V ruled. • 2. The division of Christianity in Germany into Catholic and Lutheran states was recognized by? • 3. What did Luther teach? • 4. What did Luther teach about justification by faith (being made right before God) was? • 5. Erasmus taught that Christianity should do what?

47. The Protestant Reformation is the name that is used for the reform movement that divided the western Church into Catholic and Protestant groups. Several developments set the stage for religious change. A movement called Christian humanism (the belief in the ability of humans reason and improve themselves) developed. The Protestant Reformation

48. One of their major goals was the reform of the Catholic Church. • Humanists believed that in order to change the Church and society, they needed to change individuals first. • The best known of the Christian humanists was Desiderius Erasmus. • He called his view of religion “the philosophy of Christ”. • Erasmus taught that Christianity should show people how to lead good lives.

49. Many church officials were concerned with money and used their church offices to get wealthy. • People wanted a meaningful religion and assurance of salvation (acceptance into Heaven), but many priests were unable to teach them. • According to Church practice at the time, a person could gain an indulgence (release from all or part of the punishment for sins) through relics. • This practice, in particular, upset many of the reformers.

50. Martin Luther • Martin Luther was a monk and a professor at the University of Wittenburg in Germany. • Through his study of the Bible, Luther found an answer to a problem that had bothered him since he became a monk. • The problem was how to be certain of salvation. • He came to believe that people are not saved through their good works but through their faith in God.