M anaging The Classroom Pertemuan 12

1. Managing The ClassroomPertemuan 12 Matakuliah : E1122 - Psikologi Pendidikan Tahun : 2010

2. Why Classrooms need to be managed effectively • Effective classroom management maximizes children learning opportunities • The newer view to manage classroom focuses more on students’ need for nurturing relatioships and opportunities for self-regulation. • The new trend in classroom management places more emphasis on guiding students toward self-discipline and less onexternally controlling the student.

3. Menagement issues in elementary and secondary school classrooms • Elementary and secondary school classrooms have many similar management issues. At all levels of education, good managers design classrooms for optimal learning, create positive environments for learning, establish and maintain rules, get students to cooperate, effectively deal with problems, and use good communication strategies. • in secondary school, discipline problems are frequently more severe, the students being potentially more unruly and even dangerous.

4. The crowded, complex, and potentially chaotic classroom Six characteristics that reflect a clssroom’s complexity and potential for problem • Classroom are multidimensional • Activities accur simultaneously • Things happen quickly • Events are often unpredictable • There is little privacy • Classroom have histories

5. Getting off to the right start • One key to managing the complexity of the classroom is to make careful use of the first few days and weeks of school • You will want to use this time to (1) communicate your rules adn procedures to the class and get student cooperation in following them, (2) get students to engage effectively in all learning activities. Emphasizing instruction and positive classroom climate Educational psychology emphasizes ways to develop and maintain a positive classroom environment that supports learning. This involves using preventive, praoactive strategies rather than becoming immersed in reactive disciplinary tactics

6. Management goals and strategies Effective classroom management has two main goals: • Help students spend more time on learning and less time on non goal direct behavior • Prevent students from developing problems

7. Designing the phisical environment of the classroom • Principles of classroom arrangement • Arrangement style

8. Principles of classroom arrangement There are four basic principles on classroom arrangement • Reduce congestion in high-traffic areas • Make sure that you can easlily see all students • Make often-used teaching materials and student supplies easily accessible • Make sure that students can easily observe whole-class presentations

9. Arrangement style • Standard classroom arrangements • Auditorium style; all students sit facing the teacher • Face to face style; students sit facing each other • Off-set style; small number of students sit at tables but do not sit directly across from one another • Seminar style; large number of students sit in circular, square, or U-shaped arrangements • Cluster style; small number of students work in small, closely bunched groups. • Personalizing the classroom Classroom too often resemble motel rooms-pleasant but impersonal, revealing nothing about the people who use the space

10. Creating a possitive environment for learning • General strategies • Creating, Teaching, and Maintaining Rules and Procedurs • Getting Students to Cooperate

11. General strategies • Authoritaive classroom management style Encourages students to be independent thinkers and doers but still provides effective monitoring • Authoritarian classroom management style Restrictive and punitive, with the focus mainly on keeping order in the classroom rather than instruction or learning • Permissive classroom management style Allows students considerable autonomy but provides them with little support for developing learning skills or managing their behavior

12. Creating, Teaching, and Maintaining Rules and Procedurs To function smoothly, classroom need clearly defined rules and procedures. Students need to know specifically how you want them to behave • Teaching rules and procedures Some teachers like to include students in setting rules in the hope that this will encourage them to take more responsibility for their own behavior.

13. Getting Students to Cooperate • Develop a possitive relationship with students • Get students to share and assume responsibility • Reward appropriate behavior • Choose effective reinforcers • Use prompt and shaping effectively • Use rewards to provide information about mastery, not to control students’ behavior