Discussion 1 February 1, 2005

1. Discussion 1February 1, 2005

2. Bioregional Climate D. Cassidy Five Year Fire Regime Long, Large Constraints Succession of individual plant species In a prairie Level of Focus Time, Space Root Parasites Micro organisms Soil Bacteria Short, Small Mechanisms (emergent)

3. Processes & Characteristics • Similarity of ecosystems • Response to disturbance • Weather patterns • Type, quality and quantity of environmental resources • Geology and Soil patterns • Hydrology and Topography • Landscape Mosaic: • Patches: lakes, parks, arboretum • Corridors: roads, animal migration, streams/rivers • Matrix: horse farms/agriculture, urban development • Community infrastructure, land use planning, transportation, horse farm industry, population growth, university, recreation, value of stakeholders, conservation, historic value, microclimate InteriorPlateau Knobs Outer Nashville Basin InnerBluegrass Spatial Scale Temporal Scale Landscape of Fayette County, KY Environmental Social Economic C. Read

4. Speciation Marie Vicksta Species 1 Species 2 Determines individual’s niche: where it can live, what it can ingest Energy Budget Competition Resource partitioning Isolation Morphology/Physiology Morphology/Physiology Lethal mutations Energy cost VS. Selection value Natural Mutation rate Introduced Toxins Increased UV radiation Selection pressures Mutation Mutation Mutation Mutation

5. Aaron Megquier FOR565, Assignment #1 01.31.2005 Goal: Develop quantifiable measures or indicators for biodiversity that can be measured across ecoregional landscapes. Factors supporting biodiversity Potential threats to biodiversity 108 ha Rapid changes in temperature and precipitation patterns, loss of dispersal vectors for species migration, massive land-cover conversion by humans Composition: Rates of speciation Structure: Physiognomy of dominant vegetation types, geological landform, Function: Temperature and precipitation patterns, solar insolation levels Biome Cumulative stress from lower levels may affect long-term viability of biome Climate and landform shape disturbance regime, species richness, community diversity Composition: Natural communities present, numbers of RTE species, representativeness of protected areas, extinction rate w/in NRV Structure: Perimeter:area ratio, patch size, riparian buffer strips, migratory routes, landscape connectivity, distribution of seral stages. Function: Large-scale disturbance frequency, nutrient cycling rates, guild persistence, ecological redundancy Spatial Scale Ecoregional landscape Widespread persistent pollutants, broad patterns of land-use change, large hydrological modifications, loss of keystone species, fire suppression policy, habitat fragmentation, highly pathogenic invasive species Biodiversity gains at stand level support the ecoregion Ecoregional threats are realized at the stand level Composition: Species richness and abundance, proportion of native species. Structure: Standing dead trees, coarse woody debris, mixed-age stands, gap formation rates, non-channelized streams, Function: local colonization/extinction rates, NPP Road density, invasive species, isolation from other patches, habitat removal/simplification, edge effects, eutrophication of water bodies, Individual Stand or Patch 10 ha Temporal scale is highly non-linear across the diagram and has been left out for this reason.

6. Hierarchical Diagram Constraints Objective: Compare insect communities between patches Climate Migration Beta insect community / landscape Patch size , Distance between patches Insect community / patch Floral resources: pollen, nectar Insect / flower morphology Insect species / Flower species Constraints = Red Mechanisms = Green A. Bennett

7. Objective: To Determine How Black Bears are Distributed Across the Landscape Kirsten Kapp: Forest 565 Spatial Regional • Regional Black Bear Range • Defined loosely as forested land Determined by biological and social processes: Climate, Soil type, Management History/Trends Landscape Presence in or use of a particular area (home range) within habitat is dependent on stand characteristics such as food quality and quantity, escape cover, thermal cover, proximity to homes (garbage), other bears, distance to agriculture, edge LANDSCAPE: Forest Cover such as Spruce/Fir, Aspen/Birch, Northern Hardwood, Wetlands, Human Development, Agriculture Stand Ideal habitat includes a diversity of forest types that contain hard mast, soft mast, water sources etc Bear Home Range Bear Home Range Bear Home Range Gap At a finer scale, presence of fallen trees (den sites), large trees with furrowed bark (for escape/cubs), reproductive success of individual trees (acorn crop) determine temporal usable habitat Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Den Site Temporal Thermal Cover Acorn Crop Escape

8. Objective: What policy mechanisms will motivate NIPF’s (non-industrial private forest owners) to manage across property boundaries? • Institutions: • Policy making bodies, governments (ex. laws) • Private organizations or cooperatives R.Gass • Neighbors: • Collective action • Common objectives, trust, investment • Ecosystem management • Individual NIPF’s: • Personal land objectives, ethics, beliefs • Income from land, family influence