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Ecology

Ecology. The interaction of living things in the environment. What is Ecology. Ecology is the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment. Organism Population  Community  Ecosystem  Biosphere. Population

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Ecology

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  1. Ecology The interaction of living things in the environment

  2. What is Ecology • Ecology is the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment. • OrganismPopulation  Community  Ecosystem  Biosphere. • Population • Study how an individual interacts with it’s immediate environment.

  3. What is Ecology • Community • All organisms in a particular area and how they interact • Ecosystem • Adds the non-living (abiotic) factors • Biosphere is the total of all earth’s ecosystems. • Ecology: the study of relationships between living organisms and beween organisms in the environment.

  4. Various Types of Ecosystems/ Biomes • Aquatic • Marine • Photic/aphotic • Pelagic, Intertidal, Estuaries, Benthic • Freshwater • Lotic (running), Lentic (standing)

  5. What type of aquatic?

  6. zones

  7. Biomes • Terrestrial are called Biomes • Named for the vegetation they have. • Tropical Forest • Deciduous • Rain • Savannas • Deserts • Chaparral • Grasslands • Temperate Forest • Coniferous Forest • Tundra

  8. Biomes

  9. Population Growth • G = rN • G= Growth Rate • r = Instrinsic Rate • Birth minus death • N = Number of individuals in the population at the time the growth rate is studied.

  10. Exponential Growth • 6,705,651,277 as of June 2008

  11. Natality Immigration Mortality Emigration Population Growth

  12. Factors Effecting Growth • Density Dependent • Food • Density Independent • Fires, floods, storms, seasonal changes

  13. Communities and Ecosystems • Communities are groups of populations inhabiting a particular environment. • Competition • Intraspecific, Interspecific • Niche – Role in the community

  14. Trophic Levels • Producer • Consumer • Trophic Level • 10% rule • Detritivore- non-living organic matter. • Saprotroph- on or in non-living organic matter by secreting enzymes to digest and absorb.

  15. Food Web vs Chains

  16. Pyramids and Energy Trans…

  17. Dry Biomass Per Trophic Level

  18. Pyrimid of Numbers

  19. Humans Fit into the Pyramids

  20. Biomagnification or Bioaccumulation • Since the higher you are on the foodchain the more individuals you have to eat in order to maintain yourself

  21. Biomagnify

  22. Another

  23. DDT

  24. Carbon Cycle

  25. Carbon Cycle

  26. Greenhouse Effect • http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/greenhouse/ • Visible and UV go into atmosphere • Radiate as IR • Trapped by Methane, CO2, water, Nitrous oxide • Global warming is the effect.

  27. Changes in Concentration of Carbon Dioxide

  28. Precautionary Principle • Def: If the impact of human induced change would be possibly catastrophic then it is up to the parties to prove it will do no harm. • This is reverse of normal. Normally the concerned parties have to show it is doing harm. • Can the Precautionary Principle help with the enhanced greenhouse effect and the recommendation for strong action? • What is the balance between those in the world that are contributing to the problem and those other countries that are impacted?

  29. Impact to Artic Environments

  30. Impacts to Arctic Enviornoment • Increased decomposition • More greenhouse gases • Expansion of temperate species • Loss of Ice Habitat • Change in Prey distribution • Increased Pathogen success.

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