National Government and the 50 States

1. National Government and the 50 States Chapter 4 Section 2

2. Key Terms Enabling Act Act of Admission Grants-in-aid program Categorical Grant Block Grant Project Grant

3. Nation’s Obligation Constitution requires National Government to “Guarantee to every State in this Union a Republic Form of Government” Any invasion of a State would be an attack on the United States 1780 not sure that all states would stand together

4. Federal Force assures each of 50 States will keep the peace. • Federal Force can restore disorder • 1960’s • Governor can call for federal troops • 1967 “Long Hot Summer” • 1968 Chicago- (Democrat Convention) • 1992 Los Angeles • Troops can help with disasters

5. Respect Territorial Integrity • National Government constitutionally bound to respect the territorial integrity of each State • Admitting new States • 1780’s knew there would be more States • 1787 Northwest Ordinance • North of Ohio river and west of New York, Virginia, Pennsylvania • Served as later basis for admitting new States

6. Admitting New States Once a section reached a population of 60,000 Local self government Civil and political rights Support for education

7. Congress and new States Only congress can admit a new State A new State can not be granted while taking territory from another State (Constitution) Congress admitted 37 States 4 States: Kentucky, Tennessee, Maine, West Virginia created from parts of existing States Took 15 years to organize a territory

8. Admission Procedure State asks Congress Enabling act- an act directing the people of the territory to frame a proposed Constitution Territorial Convention proposes Constitution Popular vote for approval

9. If Congress approves Act of admission- passed by Congress An act creating a new State President signs New State enters the Union 2 newest are Alaska and Hawaii (1959)

10. Cooperative Federalism • Broad shared powers • Federal Grants • Grant-in-aid programs- federal monies or other resources to the State and their counties, and other local governments • Started 200 years ago • Received federal land grants for schools, colleges, roads, canals

11. 1808 Congress gave the States $200,000.00 to support militias (National Guard) Grant-in-aid based on the National Government’s taxing power

12. Types of Federal Grants • Categorical grants- are made for some specific, closely defined purpose (school lunches, build an airport) • Have strings attached • Use federal money for only the specific purpose involved • Make its own matching contribution • Provide an agency to administer the grant • Obey a set of guidelines

13. Block Grants-more widely used • For more broadly defined purposes • For healthcare, welfare, social services • Less stings attached • More freedom on how to spend the money • From the 1980’s

14. Project Grants Congress provides the money States, localities and sometimes private agencies Grants for scientific research

15. Other Forms of Aid FBI helps local police Army and Air force train the National Guard

16. What is the propose of the enabling act.

17. Directs a territory desiring statehood to draft a State constitution

18. Why does the Federal government make grant-in-aid to the states? Why are the grants controversial?

19. To help states run programs for their citizens The conditions attached to the grants enables the federal Government to operate policy areas generally reserved to the States, such as education