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Chapter 11

Chapter 11. Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage. Multimedia. Audio and Video. Multimedia on a PC. Goal To create or reproduce lifelike representations of sight and sound Challenge Data storage is digital Sights and sounds are analog. CPU Technologies for Multimedia.

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Chapter 11

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  1. Chapter 11 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage

  2. Multimedia • Audio and Video A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  3. Multimedia on a PC • Goal • To create or reproduce lifelike representations of sight and sound • Challenge • Data storage is digital • Sights and sounds are analog A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  4. CPU Technologies for Multimedia • MMX (Multimedia Extensions) • Used by Pentium MMX and Pentium II • SSE (Streaming SIMD Extension) • Used by the Pentium III • SSE2 • For the Pentium 4 (which can also use MMX and SSE) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  5. Multimedia Devices • Sound cards • Digital cameras • MP3 players • Video capture cards A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  6. Sound Cards • Functions: record/play/edit sound • Ports for speakers and microphone • Sound-blaster compatible: considered as the sound card standard • Sampling accuracy is critical to performance • Stages of computerized sound • Convert from analog to digital (digitize) • Store digital data in compressed data file • Reproduce or synthesize sound (digital to analog) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  7. Digitizing Sound • Analog sound is converted to digital sound by sampling • Sample size • 8 bits: represent 256 levels of signals • 16 bits: represent 65,536 levels of signals • Sampling rate(Hz): • 22 KHz for ears • 44 KHz for music CDs A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  8. Compressing Sound • MP3 (MPEG-1 Layer 3) • Lossy compression standard for music • Reduce size of a sound file by as much as 1:24 without noticeable degradation in quality A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  9. Hands-on Project: Install a Sound Card • pp. 478 - 481 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  10. Digital Cameras • Scans the field of image set by the picture taker and translates the light signals into digital values • Form factors • # of pixels: 3.1M, 5M • color: real color (32 bits/pixel) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  11. Digital Images • Displayed on the screen • Screen size: 1024 * 768 pixels • Printed out on paper • Printer resolution: 300 dpi (dots/inch) • Photo paper size: 5 inch x 7 inch • # of pixels on the photo paper: 5 x 7 x 300 x 300 = 3 M A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  12. Flash RAM Cards • Flash technology: data is retained without a battery, e.g., SmartMedia, SanDisk, Sony Memory Sticks A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  13. MP3 Players • Devices that play MP3 files A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  14. Video Capture Cards • Captures input from camcorder or directly from TV • Features to look for: • IEEE 1394 (FireWire) port to interface with digital camcorder • Data transfer rates • Capture resolution and color-depth capabilities • Ability to transfer data back to digital camcorder or VCR • Stereo audio jacks • Video-editing software A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  15. Video Compression Standards • MPEG-1: TV/VHS quality for business/home applications • MPEG-2: DVD/HDTV quality • MPEG-4: high-quality video transmissions over the Internet A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  16. Optical Storage Technology • Patterns of tiny pits on disc surface represent bits, which are readable by a laser beam • Major optical storage technologies • CD: use CDFS (Compact Disc File System) or UDF (Universal Disk Format) • DVD: use only UDF A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  17. Layout of Sectors on a CD A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  18. CDs • Data are stored as pits (recessed areas) and lands(raised areas) • The bits are read by a laser beam • Multisession feature • Data can be written to the disc at different times A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  19. How a CD Drive Can Interface with the Motherboard • EIDE interface (most common) • SCSI interface with SCSI host adapter • Portable drive; plug into external port on PC A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  20. CD-R and CD-RW • CD-R (CD-recordable) • Enables “burning” your own CDs • Cannot overwrite • Inexpensive • Can be read by all CD-ROM drives • CD-RW (CD-rewritable) • Allows overwriting old data with new data • Cannot always be read by older drives A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  21. Hands-on Project: Install a CD Drive • pp. 491 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  22. DVD (Digital Video Disc) • Has large storage capacity (8.5 GB one side; 17 GB both sides) • Uses UDF file system • Uses MPEG-2 video compression; requires MPEG-2 controller to decode compressed data • Stores audio in Dolby AC-2 compression • Recently: HD-DVD and read-writable DVDs A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  23. DVD Drive A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  24. DVD Devices A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  25. Hardware Used for Backups and Fault Tolerance • On standalone PCs or small servers • Tapes • Removable drives • On a PC connected to file server • Back up data to a file server A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  26. Removable Drives • Can be internal or external • Advantages • Increase overall storage capacity • Easy to move large files between computers • Convenient medium for making backups • Easy to secure important files A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  27. Types of Removable Drives • Newer • IBM Microdrive • JumpDrive by Lexar Media • Iomega HDD drive by Iomega • Older • Iomega 3½-inch Zip drive • SuperDisk by Imation A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  28. IBM Microdrive A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  29. JumpDrive A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  30. Iomega HDD Drive A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  31. Zip Drives A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  32. Hands-on Project: Installing a Zip Drive • Similar to installing a hard drive A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  33. Fault Tolerance and RAID • Fault tolerance • Computer’s ability to respond to a fault or catastrophe • RAID (redundant array of independent disks) • Stores data over an array of disks • Appears as a single drive to the users • Can automatically recover from a failure • May improve the performance A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  34. RAID-0 • Data strips are written evenly to disk arrays • High performance • If one disk fails, the data cannot recovered 0 n+1 1 n+2 2 n+3 n 2n A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  35. RAID-1 • Data are mirrored • If one disk fails, the data can be retrieved from the mirrored disk 0 n+1 0 n+1 1 n+2 1 n+2 n 2n n 2n A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  36. RAID-5 • Data strips are written evenly to disk arrays • High performance • If one disk fails, the data can be recovered by using parity disk 0 n+1 1 n+2 2 n+3 n 2n Parity Disk A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  37. Dynamic Volumes • The fault tolerance method first introduced by Windows 2000 • Type of dynamic volumes • Simple volume: normal disk drives • Spanned volume • Striped volume (RAID 0) • Mirrored volume (RAID 1) • RAID-5 volume A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  38. Hardware RAID • Motherboard IDE controller supports RAID • Install a RAID-compliant IDE controller card and disable IDE controller on motherboard • Motherboard SCSI controller supports RAID, or install a SCSI host adapter that supports RAID A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

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