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Metamorphic Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks. Rocks. 1. Rocks can go through changes where they become a brand new rock. This process is called __ metamorphism __________. 2. This word is Greek. Meta means ____ changed _______ and morphos means __ shape ________. Rocks.

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Metamorphic Rocks

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  1. Metamorphic Rocks

  2. Rocks • 1. Rocks can go through changes where they become a brand new rock. This process is called __metamorphism__________. • 2. This word is Greek. Meta means ____changed_______ and morphos means __shape________.

  3. Rocks • 3. Metamorphic rocks occur when the __structure_____, ___texture____, or __composition____ of the rock have changed. • 4. All of these types of rock (__igneous________, _____sedimentary_____ and _____metamorphic_____) can be changed by __heat____, ___pressure___, or a combination of both.

  4. Origins of Metamorphic Rock • 5. Texture or mineral composition of a rock can change if the __temperature____ or __pressure____ of the new environment is different from the one that the rock was originally formed in. • 6. The temperature that most metamorphism will occur is between __50__ oC to __1000__ oC. However some rocks will go through metamorphosis above 1000oC. • 7. The __depth__ and __pressure___ that metamorphic rocks form is what allows the rock to heat to this temperature and stay solid.

  5. Origins of Metamorphic Rock • 8. The depth that most rocks go through metamorphic changes is at depths greater than _2_ km (kilometers) which is about 1.25 miles. • 9. Large movements within the crust of the earth adds more _pressure__ on the rock during metamorphism. This can cause __mineral____ __grains___ in rock to align (line up) in certain directions.

  6. Composition of Metamorphic Rock • 10. Metamorphism happens when __temperature____ and ___pressure____ inside Earth’s crust change. • 11. Original ___minerals___ change into new ___minerals____. For example calcite, quartz, and hematite will crystallize to form the metamorphic mineral __garnet__.

  7. Textures of Metamorphic Rock • 12. Scientists classify igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks by their __texture__. • 13. Metamorphic rocks have two textures - __foliated____ or ___nonfoliated____.

  8. Foliated Metamorphic Rock • 14. The texture of a metamorphic rock that has mineral grains arranged in __planes___ or __bands___ is called __foliated___. • 15. This metamorphic rock usually contains __aligned___ (lined up) grains of __flat_ minerals.

  9. Foliated Metamorphic Rock • 16. A metamorphic rock can continue to change into another __metamorphic____ rock if it exposed to more __heat___ and ___pressure____. For example: sedimentary shale becomes __slate___ (metamorphic), which become __phyllite___ with more heat and pressure. Then with more heat and pressure it can become __schist__, only to have more heat and pressure make it become _gneiss_.

  10. Nonfoliated Metamorphic Rock • 17. The texture of a metamorphic rock that has mineral grains that are not arranged in __planes___ or ___bands__ is called ___nonfoliated___. The minerals are not__aligned__ (not lined up). • 18. These rocks are commonly made of _1__ or only a few minerals. • 19. During metamorphism, the crystals of the minerals may change in __size___ or __composition___ called __recrystallization____.

  11. Nonfoliated Metamorphic Rock • 20. Examples of this are: quartz sandstone (sedimentary rock) is exposed to __heat__ and ___pressure___, and the minerals recrystallize to form __quartzite__; also limestone is exposed to __heat___ and __pressure___, and the minerals recrystallize and become ___marble____.

  12. Metamorphic Rock Structures • 21. When metamorphic rocks change shape because of force placed on them, they can be __squeezed___ or _stretched____. This is called __deformation___. Some deformations are called __folds__ or __bends__.

  13. Examples Quartzite is a coarse-grained metamorphic rock derived from sandstone. Marble is a metamorphic rock that comes from metamorphosed limestone or dolomite.

  14. Examples Slate is a fined grained metamorphic rock. Phyllite is a fined grained metamorphic rock.

  15. Examples Schist is a course grained metamorphic rock. Gneiss is a medium to course grained metamorphic rock.

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