1 / 16

World History: The Earth and its Peoples

World History: The Earth and its Peoples. Chapter 9 Christian Europe Emerges, 300 - 1200 C.E. Objectives. Understand the political and economic development of Western Europe during the medieval period and be able to undertake a critical analysis of the term “feudalism.”

fergal
Download Presentation

World History: The Earth and its Peoples

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. World History:The Earth and its Peoples Chapter 9 Christian Europe Emerges, 300 - 1200 C.E.

  2. Objectives • Understand the political and economic development of Western Europe during the medieval period and be able to undertake a critical analysis of the term “feudalism.” • Be able to explain the development and the significance of Roman Catholic dogma, the hierarchical system of the Roman church, and the monastic movement. • Be able to compare the medieval Western society, politics, culture, and religion with those of the Byzantine Empire. • Understand the respective roles of the Varangians, Vladimer I, and the Byzantine Empire in the rise of the Kievan state. • Be able to discuss the possible causes of the European recovery of 1000-1200. • Be able to explain the causes of the Crusades and discuss their consequences in Europe and the Middle East.

  3. Early Medieval Europe Roman Decline - 5th century • legal framework disappears • rise of Germanic traditions • family-based law • political fragmentation • loss of allegiance • rise of local strongmen • weak dependence on strong Germanic Kingdoms • Franks, Visigoths, Lombards • Saxons and Angles • competition for bishop of Rome • Latin - priests and monks • Linguistic zones • Romance, Germanic, Slavic

  4. Early Medieval Europe Defending Medieval Europe • Arabs / Berbers in Spain - 711 • Tours, France - 732 • Charles Martel - Carolingian • Charlemagne - 800 • Roman Emperor • Vikings - 8th - 9th centuries • Scandinavian • coastal towns • Iceland, Greenland, Vinland • William the Conqueror • Normandy Invasion - 1066 • Angles-Saxons

  5. Early Medieval Europe Economy • urban to village base • bartering replaces coin currency • trade languishes • local self-sufficiency • manors • primary agricultural centers • lords and serfs • work for protection • varied from region to region • literacy replaced by ‘small traditions’

  6. Early Medieval Society Mounted Horsemen • stirrups; body armor • heavy, grain-fed horses • hereditary nobility • fief • vassals • knighthood limited to land revenue • Noblewomen • own and inherit property • administer husband’s estate • enmeshed in feudal obligations • valued property • no choice in marriage

  7. The Western Church European Jurisdiction • West: Pope (papacy) • East: Patriarch of Constantinople • Challenges • disagreement over regulations • clergy marriage • pagan worship • trained clergy • Structure • patriarchates - 5 • Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria • appoint bishops; church rules • penitentials • guide for penance of sins

  8. The Western Church Holy Trinity • Jesus, God, Holy Trinity • Mary’s relationship • precise form of sacraments • iconic images • heresy • schism • Monophysite doctrine - E • divinity of Jesus Christ • Arianism - W • Jesus as lesser divinity • orthopraxy • correct practices • orthodoxy • correct beliefs

  9. Politics and Church Holy Roman Empire - 962 • confederation of German princes • represent Christian interests • Debate • investiture controversy • who appoints bishops • popes versus emperors • Emperor’s weapon • deposition • Pope’s weapon • excommunication • 3 legal traditions • Germanic custom (feudal law) • Christian (canon law) • Roman law

  10. Monasticism Monasticism • celibacy and obedience; poverty • living apart from society • devotion to prayer • Most Important Impact • communal living and prayer • monks or nuns • regular versus secular clergy • Rule of Benedict • Separation of church / state • Features • literacy and silence • reshaping of Roman society

  11. Byzantine Empire Roman Empire - 300 CE • continued pattern of Roman rule • caesaropapism • the imperial with the papal • all-powerful Christian monarchs • prevented breakup of empire Legacy • Corpus Juris Civilis • Justinian - 527 - 565 CE • basis for civil law in the West • Architectural • Hagia Sophia • Writing • Cyrillic

  12. Byzantine Empire Decline - 1200 CE • military weakness • Sasanids, Huns, Goths • 300 years with Persia • Muslims - 2/3 of empire • 7th century on • Western Europe • schism between East and West • formal disagreements over church doctrine • sack of Constantinople - 1204

  13. Society and Urban Life Economic Transformation - 700 • barter replaces money • decline in population / prosperity • local urban class disappears • family power rivals office holders • technological development • decreased steadily over time Women • increasingly confined to home • veils; socialized with family 1204 - 1453 • loss in prestige to the West • loss of most valuable provinces

  14. Kievan Russia Kiev • Kiev and Novgorod • Black Sea trade with Byzantine • Vladimir I • grand prince in 980 • chose Orthodox Christianity • grandness of Constantinople • Islam banned alcohol • marriage of convenience • Trade • key to political power

  15. Western Europe Revives 1000-1200 CE • Technological Improvements • draft harness • horse as primary draft animal • breeding of larger horses • coulter blade plow • shift from subsistence farming • money-based exchange economy • doubling of population • Italy and Flanders • manufacturing and trade • freedom for serfs in cities • independent of feudal lords • abundant coinage from trade

  16. The Crusades Crusades - 1100-1200 CE • Muslim control four centuries • designed to recapture Jerusalem • Christian pilgrims protected • Battle of Manzikert - 1071 • religiously motivated • Pope atonement of sins • increase trade and land • Italian merchants; young knights • Council of Clermont - 1095 • Pope Urban II • call for First Crusade

More Related