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Variables: 1. Independent Variable (I.V.) – The variable that is changed or “Manipulated” by the person running the experiment. *What “I” the experimenter change about each group or trial that I am running. Understanding Experimental Concepts.
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Variables: 1. Independent Variable (I.V.) – The variable that is changed or “Manipulated” by the person running the experiment. *What “I” the experimenter change about each group or trial that I am running. Understanding Experimental Concepts Example: If a scientist wanted to see which type of fruit a gorilla liked the best. * He would have to change or manipulate the different fruits to offer the gorilla, thus making the independent variable “the different fruits offered”
Dependent Variable (D.V.) = the variable that changes as a result of the changes made to the I.V. • Simpler put the “Outcome or Results you are looking For” • Usually something that can be “Measured” Same Example: If a scientist wanted to see which type of fruit a gorilla liked the best. * The Outcome, Result or Measurement would be how much of each fruit the gorilla ate (Indicating His Favorite), thus making the dependent variable “How much of each fruit the gorilla ate each day”
Data Tables, Graphs & Variable Locations: Graph: Data Table: I.V. is always on the X –Axis! D.V. is the columns to the right of the I.V. & the D.V. is located on the Y- Axis in a graph! I.V. is most often the 1st Column.
Control Groups & Factors that are Kept the Same in an Experiment: • Control Group: The Group used for comparison in an experiment, the one not changed by the experimenter. • Example: A doctor tested the effectiveness of pain killers on a patient that was in chronic pain. The doctor gave the patient a “placebo,” sugar pill the first day, Tylenol the second day, and Advil the third day. He rated the patients level of pain on a scale of 1-10 (10 being the worst). Each day the patient was told to rest on the couch, eat 3 meals and watch only Oprah, Sportscenter or the Food Network. • What is the Control Group in this experiment? • 1st – Find the I.V. = The different Pain killers offered 2nd – Find the Group, Trial or Part of the I.V. that is not changed and can be used for comparison = “Placebo” Sugar Pill – It is not a Pain Killer!
Factors that are kept the same in an Experiment: • * Each “Controlled Experiment” will always have one thing change (I.V.) and the rest of the factors in the experiment stay the same for each group being tested. • Same Example: A doctor tested the effectiveness of pain killers on a patient that was in chronic pain. The doctor gave the patient a “placebo,” sugar pill the first day, Tylenol the second day, and Advil the third day. He rated the patients level of pain on a scale of 1-10 (10 being the worst). Each day the patient was told to rest on the couch, eat 3 meals and watch only Oprah, Sportscenter or the Food Network. * What factors in this experiment are kept the same for the patient? Each day the patient was told to rest on the couch, eat 3 meals and watch only Oprah, Sportscenteror the Food Network.
Data & Drawing Conclusions: • Data can be represented in 2 ways: • Quantitative: Numbers, Measures, Values • Ex. 120 rabbits • Qualitative: Descriptionsor listed characteristics • Ex. The rabbits were white and brown • Conclusions: Statements drawn after analyzing your data. • * Must be “Supported” with actual data! Using this data table what would be a good conclusion supported with data? Conclusion = The Gorillas favorite fruit must be bananas because he ate 15 bananas compared to 8 oranges & 5 apples in a day.
