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SOIL ECOLOGY ELEMENTAL TRANSFORMATIONS BY SOIL MICROBES Introduction Reading:

SOIL ECOLOGY ELEMENTAL TRANSFORMATIONS BY SOIL MICROBES Introduction Reading: Coleman et al. 2004 – Chapter 5. 1. 2. http://www.soils.wisc.edu/~barak/soilscience326/listofel.htm. 3. http://www.keele.ac.uk/depts/ch/groups/aluminium/publications/exley2003_1.pdf. 4. Nitrogen Cycle. 5.

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SOIL ECOLOGY ELEMENTAL TRANSFORMATIONS BY SOIL MICROBES Introduction Reading:

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  1. SOIL ECOLOGY ELEMENTAL TRANSFORMATIONS BY SOIL MICROBES Introduction Reading: Coleman et al. 2004 – Chapter 5 1

  2. 2 http://www.soils.wisc.edu/~barak/soilscience326/listofel.htm

  3. 3

  4. http://www.keele.ac.uk/depts/ch/groups/aluminium/publications/exley2003_1.pdfhttp://www.keele.ac.uk/depts/ch/groups/aluminium/publications/exley2003_1.pdf 4

  5. Nitrogen Cycle 5 http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/images/nitrogencycle.jpg

  6. Microbial Transformations of Chemical Elements 6

  7. N cont’d 7

  8. 8 http://msucares.com/crops/soils/images/phosphorus.gif

  9. 9 http://biology.kenyon.edu/courses/biol112/Biol112WebPage/Syllabus/Topics/Week%2013/SulfurCycle.jpg

  10. N cont’d 10

  11. S cont’d Acidic environ Acidic environ 11

  12. A Siderophore (Greek for iron carrier) is an iron chelating compound secreted by such as bacteria, fungi and grasses. The bioavailability of iron is limited by the very low solubility of iron bearing mineral phases such as iron oxides at neutral pH and therefore cannot be utilized by organisms . 12 http://www.nsf.gov/od/lpa/news/press/01/pr0172image.htm

  13. Changes in the Calcium Cycle 13 http://www.rewhc.org/wind/graphics/calcium_cycle.gif

  14. 14 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Carbon_cycle-cute_diagram.jpeg

  15. 15 http://www.ppi-ppic.org/ppiweb/ppibase.nsf/$webindex/article=1E9EDEC7852569B5005CED251DABAB79

  16. Mn cont’d 16

  17. http://phys4.harvard.edu/~wilson/arsenic/references/Oremland_et_al_2004.pdfhttp://phys4.harvard.edu/~wilson/arsenic/references/Oremland_et_al_2004.pdf 17

  18. Major deposits of mercury in red, small deposits in green, bulk of productive deposits highlighted in blue = global occurrence mercury deposits along subduction zones, with volcanic systems Tectonic plate boundaries related to origin of ore deposits such as iron, gold, copper, mercury E.A. Keller. 1992. Environmental Geology 18

  19. High in sulfur, copper, zinc, gold, iron Mid-ocean ridges 700 F Tube worms Hydrothermal vents or ‘black smokers’ http://www.pbs.org/wnet/savageearth/hellscrust/html/sidebar2.html 19 http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/vents/geology/MOR.html

  20. E.A. Keller. 1992. Environmental Geology 20

  21. Occurrence of heart attack death correlated to sulfate-rich and bicarbonate rich surface water, Ohio Cause-effect relationship: -soft water acidic & corrodes pipes releases trace elements into water that cause heart disease -hard water dissolves trace elements into water may prevent heart disease. Some trace elements in soil – manganese, chromium, vanadium, and copper, have been found to prevent heart disease 21

  22. Geothermal Energy in Iceland Hot Spring, Yellowstone National Park-- USGS Photo by David E. Wieprecht 22

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