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GLUON DOMINANCE MODEL

GLUON DOMINANCE MODEL. Kokoulina E . GSTU, Belarus & JINR,Dubna. The unified approach to multiplicity distribution (MD) description in high energy interactions:. - annihilation,. Proton (nucleus) collisions. Proton-antiproton- annihilation. ISMD35, KROMĚŘÍŽ , 2005. JINR, LPP.

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GLUON DOMINANCE MODEL

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  1. GLUON DOMINANCE MODEL Kokoulina E. GSTU, Belarus & JINR,Dubna The unified approach to multiplicity distribution (MD) description in high energy interactions: - annihilation, Proton (nucleus) collisions Proton-antiproton- annihilation ISMD35, KROMĚŘÍŽ, 2005 JINR, LPP GSTU, LPR

  2. - The region of high multiplicity (HM): n >> n(s) – mean muliplicity. Pn - multiplicity distribution (MD), Q(s,z) - generating function (GF) Q(s,z)= Σ Pn (s) z n . • -annihilation - MD, moments… (the QCD Markov branching process + hadronization); • pp- interactions from 69 to 800 GeV/c by two schemes with and without gluon branch on 1st stage, modification of 2nd scheme by clan mechanism at higher energies; • -annihilation (~10-100 GeV/c). V. Kuvshinov and E.K. Acta Phys.Polon.B13(1982) 533. ISMD35, KROMĚŘÍŽ, 2005 JINR, LPP GSTU, LPR

  3. e+e- - annihilation First stage (cascade): a) gluon fission; b) quark bremsstrahlung; c) quark pair creation. Second stage: Hadronization. BD K.Konishi et.al.NPB157(1979)45 A.Giovannini.NPB161(1979)429. Convolution: of two stages quark fission -> NBD JINR, LPP

  4. ________ Parameters: mean multiplicity of gluons on 1st stage, kp, [V.Kuvshinov, E.K. Vesti AN BSSR (1978)]; mean (max possible) number of hadrons, formed from one quark on the 2nd-stage, Results: ISMD35, KROMĚŘÍŽ, 2005 JINR, LPP GSTU, LPR

  5. Pn Pn Pn 91.4GeV 50GeV 14GeV Pn H(q) Pn 172GeV 189GeV 91.4GeV Pn in -annihilation at 14, 50, 91.4, 172 and 189 GeV; H(q) at 91.4 GeV. E. K. Minsk, NPCS (2002)[hep-ph/0209334]; ISMD32,2002. ISMD35, KROMĚŘÍŽ, 2005 JINR, LPP GSTU, LPR

  6. Hadronizationgluon parameters ( ), 14 -189 GeV. maximal (mean) multiplicity of hadrons from one gluon while its passing through of hadronization. hadronization of gluon are softer than quark. ISMD35, KROMĚŘÍŽ, 2005 JINR, LPP GSTU, LPR

  7. pp - interactions Project“THERMALIZATION” (JINR , IHEP, SINP MSU, GSTU) • Experimental data pp (70 GeV). • Quark model. Yad.Fiz. 55 (1992) 820. Collisions of quark pairs. • MC PHYTHIA code underestimates the σ(nch) by two orders of magnitude at nch=20. nch=20 The goal: The study of MP at pp (pA) interactions in HM region: nch>20-30. V.V.Avdeichikov et al. JINR-P1-2004-190, Feb 2005. Proposal”THERMALIZATION”. ISMD35, KROMĚŘÍŽ, 2005 JINR, LPP GSTU, LPR

  8. Gluon Dominance model(GDM) • After an inelastic collision of two protons the part of energy are converted into the thermal and one or few gluons become free, • Gluons may give cascade; • Some of gluons (not of all) leave Quark-Gluon System (QGS) – are evaporated and are converted to hadrons. 1st stage 2nd stage ISMD35, KROMĚŘÍŽ, 2005 JINR, LPP GSTU, LPR

  9. Our model investigations had shown :quarks of initial protons are staying in leading particles (from 70 to 800 GeV/c).Multiparticle production (MP) is realizedby gluons. We name them active. P.Carruthers about a passive role quarks:“…labels and sources of colour perturbation in the vacuum: meanwhile the gluons dominates in collisions and multiparticle production.”(1984) The domination of gluons was first proposed by S.Pokorski and L.Van Hove (1975). ISMD35, KROMĚŘÍŽ, 2005 JINR, LPP GSTU, LPR

  10. The Multiplicity Distributions (MD) analysis are used to study MP-processes. Scheme with the gluon branch in QGS – branch model (TSMB) or Scheme without the gluon branch – Thermodynamical model (TSTM) E.K. and V.Nikitin. 7th Int. school-seminar The actual problems of Microworld Physics, Gomel, Belarus. 1 (2004) [hep-ph/0308139] ISMD35, KROMĚŘÍŽ, 2005 JINR, LPP GSTU, LPR

  11. TSMB –convolution gluon and hadronMD • MD for active gluons at the moment of impact – Poisson • MD for branch of gluons – Furry • MD for hadronization stage – Binomial (BD) “THERMALIZATION” ISMD35, KROMĚŘÍŽ GSTU, LFI

  12. Scheme with branch (TSMB): - ratio of evaporated gluons to all active ones , N – parameters of hadronization for gluon N ~40. This value is taking into account not only second hadrons but also it is very likely (soft) photons. P.Lichard & L.Van Hove. Phys.Let. B245 (1990) 605. “THERMALIZATION” ISMD35, KROMĚŘÍŽ GSTU, LFI

  13. Some of active gluons (<50%) are staying inside QGS and don’t give hadron jets. New formed hadrons catching up them, are excited and throw down excess of energy by soft photons (SP). “…the fraction of gluons freed in the collision obeys c ≈ ½. ”A.H. Mueller. Nucl.Phys. A715 (2003) 20. We found very weak branching of active gluons at 69 GeV/c. “To reconcile RHIC data with the theory one has assume that …such effects could be due to non-perturbative thermalization leading to formation of QGP in which partons would loss energy.”Yu.V. Kovchegov [hep-ph/0507134]. “THERMALIZATION” ISMD35, KROMĚŘÍŽ GSTU, LFI

  14. TSTM Gluons leave QGS and fragment to hadrons (without branch): MD = Poisson & Binomial D. M - max number of evaporated gluons is rising (from 6 to 10) max number of hadrons is limited by M*N (~ 24-26 for charged particles at 69 GeV/c) E.K. Acta Phys.Polon. B35(2004)295 ISMD35, KROMĚŘÍŽ, 2005 JINR, LPP GSTU, LPR

  15. Table 1. TSTM parameters ISMD35, KROMĚŘÍŽ, 2005 JINR, LPP GSTU, LPR

  16. 102 GeV/c 205 GeV/c 69 GeV/c 405 GeV/c 800 GeV/c 300 GeV/c ISMD35, KROMĚŘÍŽ, 2005 JINR, LPP GSTU, LPR

  17. Comparisons: TSMT - TSMT KNO - - - - - NBD - - - - - Clan as independent intermediate gluon source. Semenov S. et al. Sov.J. Nucl. Phys.22(1975) 792 A.Giovannini, R.Ugocioni[hep-ph/0405251] Our results:clans consist from gluons! Change of fragmentation ( ) to recombination mechanism (hh, AA). Ln (NBD) ~ Farry (TSMB) Ln (NBD) ~ Binom. (TSMT) ISMD35, KROMĚŘÍŽ, 2005 JINR, LPP GSTU, LPR

  18. MD of neutral mesons at 69 GeV/c The simplification on the second stage of TSM: Our results:max of neutral mesons = 16 max of total multiplicity =42 Mean multiplicity of π0 versus the number of nch a) a)top and bottom limits is determined by condition: b) The noticeable improvement is reached if we decrease top limit at charged multiplicities <10 to b) Our result:Centaur events may be realized in the region of HM. AntiCentaur events must be absent. JINR, LPP

  19. pp -> nch . ISR (30-60 GeV) Modification.Superposition of clans: clans consist from one, two (or more) gluons of fission: 62 GeV Soft ()&semi-hard()components, and so on. E.K., Nikitin V. et al. ISHEPP2004.hep-ph/0503254. ISMD35, KROMĚŘÍŽ, 2005 JINR, LPP GSTU, LPR

  20. From GDMthe ratio of charged hadrons to neutral mesons in p+p is: 70 GeV/c: 1.19+/-0.25; 800 GeV/c: 1.49+/-0.33; (cms) 62 GeV : ~ 1.6 ( ) The ratio ofh/π=1.6is the value measured in experiment : p+p reactions (53 GeV) and Au-Au (200 GeV/N) peripheral interactions (60-92%) RHIC. PHENIX [nucl-exp/0410003]; X.Zhang, G.Fai.[hep-ph/0306227] The assumption:The specific feature of our GDM approach is the dominance of a lot of active gluons at MP. We expect the emergence of them in nucleus collisions (RHIC) and the formation of new kind of matter QGP. PHENIX pp JINR, LPP

  21. Soft Photons – the signature of hadronization The black body emission spectrum: (the density) Excess of soft photons: Our result: L - the size of hadronization region M.Volkov,E.K., E.Kuraev. Part. and Nucl., Let., №5 (2004)122. [hep-ph/0402163] JINR, LPP

  22. J.Rushbrooke and B.Webber. Phys.Rep. C44(1978)1. -annihilation (exper.data): • The second correlation moment of negative hadrons ( ) in pp-interactions and -annihilation. • The differences at 14.75, 22, 32 and 100 GeV/c remain significant for all multiplicities and have local max and min. GDM: 1) 2) “THERMALIZATION” GSTU, LFI

  23. GDM - annihilation (10 – 100 GeV/c) • second Correlative moments of negative charged particles: • differences between ppand pp inelastic topological cross sections: __________ _ GDM – 14.75 GeV/c Pn= Superposition of intermediate topologies (“0”, “2” –valent q’s, “4”- valent + vacuum q’s+ GDM  Pn-description. “THERMALIZATION” ISMD35, KROMĚŘÍŽ GSTU, LFI

  24. Conclusions (I): _ • GDM describes MD, moments, correlations in MP -e+e--, pp-, pp-interactions in wide energy region; • GDM confirms the realization of the fragmentation mechanism of hadronization in e+e- - annihilation and the transition to the recombination one in hadron interactions; • GDMshows that gluons play an active role at MP, the part of them (almost one half ) produce new hadrons; • GDMexplains the shoulder structure in MD at higher energies by means of the independent evaporation of gluon sources of hadrons which may be realized by single gluons and also groups from two or more fission gluons. ISMD35, KROMĚŘÍŽ, 2005 JINR, LPP GSTU, LPR

  25. Conclusions (II): • GDM agrees with the experimental ratio of the charged hadrons to π0 for pp- and peripheral nuclear interactions; • GDM describes MD and explains the negative and positive values of f2in pp – annihilation by the inclusion of intermediate quark topology at few tens GeV/c; • GDMproposes a mechanism of the soft photons production as a sign of hadronization and estimates the emission region size of them; • GDM drows a conclusion about possible existing of Centauro at the region of HM and absenting of Anti Centauro. _ ISMD35, KROMĚŘÍŽ, 2005 JINR, LPP GSTU, LPR

  26. Dĕkuju ISMD35, KROMĚŘÍŽ, 2005 JINR, LPP GSTU, LPR

  27. Second correlative moments for charged hadrons ( ) in e+e- annihilation: _________ a) at b) at ISMD35, KROMĚŘÍŽ, 2005 JINR, LPP GSTU, LPR

  28. Search for pentaquark + [hep-ex/0401024] “THERMALIZATION” SVD-2 setup PRELIMINARY PRELIMINARY Drift tubestracker ISMD35, KROMĚŘÍŽ, 2005 JINR, LPP GSTU, LPR

  29. Second correlative moments (f2) GF - a) b) c) ISMD35, KROMĚŘÍŽ, 2005 JINR, LPP GSTU, LPR

  30. Outlook: • the inclusion energy and momentum distribution in GDM; • application of GDM to π+/- p, K+/- pandp+/-p interactions at various energy region; • study of hadronization stage for different kinds of hadrons by GDM; • Search of collective phenomena in pp-interactions at HM events... ISMD35, KROMĚŘÍŽ, 2005 JINR, LPP GSTU, LPR

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