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Construction Management

Construction Management. PROJECT PLANNING. Definition of Planning and Scheduling. Definition of Planning: “It is the process of representing the project scope by its identifiable components and then established the logical interdependence among these components”

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Construction Management

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  1. Construction Management PROJECT PLANNING

  2. Definition of Planning and Scheduling • Definition of Planning: “It is the process of representing the project scope by its identifiable components and then established the logical interdependence among these components” • Definition of Scheduling: “Scheduling=Planning + Time”. “Scheduling establishes activity durations, project completion time, critical activities, floats.”

  3. Why do we use Planning and Scheduling • Effective utilization of resources to achieve overall project Tools and Techniques of Planning and Scheduling • Bar Chart (Gantt Chart) • Critical Path Method (CPM) • Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) • Precedence Diagram Method (PDM) • Monte Carlo Simulation Technique • Line of Balance Method (LOB) • Knowledge Based Expert Systems (KBES)

  4. Bar Charts / Gantt Charts Depicts the activity durations and progress achieved for each activity using graphics • Uses of bar chart: 1- Easily read and understood by all levels of employees. 2- Means of effective communication between Engineers and Foremen's. 3- Used for reporting progress 4- Used for identifying required resources 5- Used for estimating work contents Manpower, Time, Equipment & Machinery and Material

  5. ExampleBar chart / Gantt chart

  6. CPM / Critical Path Method Definition: CPM models the activities and events of a project as a network. Activities are depicted as nodes of the network performance of a particular task, denoted by arrow tail (start) head (finish) Events that signify the beginning or ending of activities. Objectives of CPM: • -Planning • -Scheduling • - Control Benefits: • Provides a graphical view of the project • Predicts the time required to complete the project • Shows which activities are critical to maintaining the schedule and which are not.

  7. Types of CPM~Activity - On - Arrow diagram or networks: "arrow diagram" ~Activity - On - Node diagram or "precedence diagram" • Vvvvv • Fig 1.1Fig. 1.2

  8. . • In arrow diagram the arrow represents the activity and the node represents the milestone or epochs. The first node represents the starting time of activity A, the second the completion time of activity A as well as the starting time of activity B and the third and last node represents the completion time of activity B. see fig 1.1 • If activity A is followed by activity B, then the precedence graph takes the form depicted in fig. 1.2

  9. Steps in critical path planning & scheduling. • 1)Prepare list of project's activities. • 2)Estimate duration of each activity. • 3)Determine which activities immediately precede each activity. • 4)Determine which activities immediately follow each activity. • 5)Draw a network with the activities and events properly connected. • 6)Prepare activities chart with activity name or letter, events, duration, ES, EF, LS, LF, TF & FF. • 7)Determine critical activities.

  10. More CPM Terms and Relationships • D = Duration • ES = Earliest Start=Earliest finish time of preceding event • EF =Earliest Finish EF = ES + D • LS =Latest Start LS = LF - D • LF =Latest Finish LF = LS + D = Latest start time of following event • TF=Total Float TF = LF - EF = LS - ES • FF =Free Float FF = ES (following activity) - EF (this activity) • TF =Time activities' start or finish can be delayed without delaying project completion. • FF =Time single activity's finish can be delayed without delaying the ES for a following activity

  11. More CPM Terms and Relationships • Event Node • An event is the instant when an activity is started or completed. Dummy Arrow • Dummy arrows are used to transfer logic from one event node to another in the net work.

  12. More CPM Terms and Relationships • Example • You are going to build a prefabricated steel warehouse according to the plans below and using the activities given. The walls are primed, and the roof, doors, and windows are preprinted. You have the following constraints on the erection: • Front/Back Sides • Plan View(1 & 3) (2 & 4) • warehouse Plans

  13. . • Technical Constraints • 1.Items must be assembled in the following order: footing, walls, roof, lights. • 2.Doors and windows can be installed after the corresponding sides are erected. • 3.Both windows must be installed at the same time. • 4.Walls can be painted only after all walls are erected.

  14. List of Activities Required to Build a Prefabricated Steel Warehouse A-clear and grub (site clearance) B-excavate footing C-rebar footing D-place footing E-install wall 1 F-install wall 2 G-install wall 3 H-install wall 4 I-Install door 1 J-Install door 3 K-install windows 2&4 L-install roof M-install lights N-paint walls

  15. . Sample Network Example Critical path method(CPM) . 3 8 6 6 6 3 10 7 2 1 4 0 5 11 5 .

  16. CPM- Example

  17. Examples 1.

  18. . HAPPY ETHIOPIAN EASTER

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